This is the sixteenth of a series of historical reports on Air Force plans and operations in Southeast Asia prepared by the Office of Air Force History. The author, a former history instructor at the Air Force Academy, interviewed many key participants involved in the development and employment of gunships and has amassed extensive data relating to this unique weapon system. Among the primary sources he consulted were official letters, messages, memoranda, reports, and minutes of meetings. He also consulted a number of historical studies dealing with gunships. Most of his research was conducted in the Office of Air Force History, the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center and Air University Library, Maxwell AFB, Ala., and in the records of the Air Staff and Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. In addition, he visited the Aeronautical Systems Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, and flew as an observer aboard a gunship during a training mission at Eglin AFB, Fla. In this history, the author discusses the little-known origin of the gunship and the important pioneering efforts of a handful of dedicated men. He records the remarkable improvisations in aircraft and equipment that continually marked the progress of the gunship as a weapon system. Further, he examines the controversy that the gunships provoked as they evolved toward greater, sophistication. Throughout the narrative, the author details the successes, problems, and failures of the gunship force. The result is a very informative study which will be of long-term interest and value to the Air Force.