Devaluation And Pricing Decisions
Download Devaluation And Pricing Decisions full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Devaluation And Pricing Decisions ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author | : Douglas Hague |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 347 |
Release | : 2022-02-10 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1000534162 |
First published in 1974, Devaluation and Pricing Decisions is based on case studies of the export pricing decisions made by nineteen major British companies after the 1967 devaluation.The aim was to look in detail at the decisions that major British firms took after devaluation and to see how they had responded to this major change in government policy. This book shows how far the firms had anticipated the devaluation; what company objectives were at that time and what changes in these objectives, or in pricing and marketing policies, were made to take advantage of new opportunities for exporting and for import substitution. The researchers also examined the actual process of decision making to find what information was available to the decision makers and how they used it. The book is directed to businessmen taking decisions on export prices and marketing in the world of today where foreign exchange rates change frequently. It is also directed towards those responsible for shaping national economic policy. For students of economics, it represents a study showing, in considerable detail, how a number of businesses responded to the 1967 devaluation.
Author | : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 208 |
Release | : 1951-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 145197146X |
This paper explains contribution of the September 1949 devaluations to the solution of Europe’s dollar problem. After the devaluations, the dollar value of exports to the United States from the devaluing countries in Europe recovered from the low levels of the second and third quarters of 1949, but this recovery, which restored exports in the first half of 1950 approximately to the 1948 level should be attributed in large part to the recovery in the US economy rather than to the devaluations. Between the first half of 1949 and the first half of 1950, Europe's dollar imports declined by one-third. Most of this decline occurred, however, between the second and third quarter of 1949, that is, before the devaluations. With imports generally controlled, the effect of the devaluations appeared much more in the reduction of pressure on the control authorities, the substitution of the price mechanism for at least part of the controls as barriers to imports, and the consequent more rational allocation of the relatively scarce dollars among different uses and different users.
Author | : David Steinberg |
Publisher | : Cornell University Press |
Total Pages | : 288 |
Release | : 2015-06-05 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0801454255 |
Exchange rate policy has profound consequences for economic development, financial crises, and international political conflict. Some governments in the developing world maintain excessively weak and "undervalued" exchange rates, a policy that promotes export-led development but often heightens tensions with foreign governments. Many other developing countries "overvalue" their exchange rates, which increases consumers’ purchasing power but often reduces economic growth. In Demanding Devaluation, David Steinberg argues that the demands of powerful interest groups often dictate government decisions about the level of the exchange rate. Combining rich qualitative case studies of China, Argentina, South Korea, Mexico, and Iran with cross-national statistical analyses, Steinberg reveals that exchange rate policy is heavily influenced by a country’s domestic political arrangements. Interest group demands influence exchange rate policy, and national institutional structures shape whether interest groups lobby for an undervalued or an overvalued rate. A country’s domestic political system helps determine whether it undervalues its exchange rate and experiences explosive economic growth or if it overvalues its exchange rate and sees its economy stagnate as a result.
Author | : P.M. Holmes |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 177 |
Release | : 2016-01-03 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1349029777 |
Author | : Harry Browne |
Publisher | : Ishi Press |
Total Pages | : 206 |
Release | : 2010-09 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9784871873215 |
Now, we are facing a far greater crisis. The shift from gold and silver coins to paper money caused great concern to economists such as Harry Browne, but now today even the paper money has no value. Nowadays, the world's financial system is carried on Internet websites!!! Trillions of dollars flow back and forth every day through the world's financial markets. If the World Wide Web crashes, there is nothing to back it up.Today, the governments of the world are just creating ever increasing deficits. They are spending like there is no tomorrow. They are just bailing each other out. How much longer can this continue? The "mother" of all financial collapses is upon us NOW.That is why this book is needed more than ever NOW. The world's economy is being run as a giant Ponzi scheme. Governments are bailing out banks and then bailing out each other. The country of Greece was on the verge of collapse until the Government of the United States sent over billions of dollars to Greece to bail it out.Of course, the United States Government did not send real money to Greece. It just made an electronic transfer of funds.The Government of the United States is also bailing out several states of the United States.Who will bail out the United States of America when it collapses, as it must, because of the deficit spending that keeps increasing?The Collapse MUST come. It is inevitable. Our fondest hope has to be that it does not come during our lifetimes, so that only our children and grandchildren will suffer because of it.That is the reason why we need to read and re-read "How You Can Profit from the Coming Devaluation."
Author | : Andre M. Perry |
Publisher | : Brookings Institution Press |
Total Pages | : 271 |
Release | : 2020-05-19 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 0815737289 |
The deliberate devaluation of Blacks and their communities has had very real, far-reaching, and negative economic and social effects. An enduring white supremacist myth claims brutal conditions in Black communities are mainly the result of Black people's collective choices and moral failings. “That's just how they are” or “there's really no excuse”: we've all heard those not so subtle digs. But there is nothing wrong with Black people that ending racism can't solve. We haven't known how much the country will gain by properly valuing homes and businesses, family structures, voters, and school districts in Black neighborhoods. And we need to know. Noted educator, journalist, and scholar Andre Perry takes readers on a tour of six Black-majority cities whose assets and strengths are undervalued. Perry begins in his hometown of Wilkinsburg, a small city east of Pittsburgh that, unlike its much larger neighbor, is struggling and failing to attract new jobs and industry. Bringing his own personal story of growing up in Black-majority Wilkinsburg, Perry also spotlights five others where he has deep connections: Detroit, Birmingham, New Orleans, Atlanta, and Washington, D.C. He provides an intimate look at the assets that should be of greater value to residents—and that can be if they demand it. Perry provides a new means of determining the value of Black communities. Rejecting policies shaped by flawed perspectives of the past and present, it gives fresh insights on the historical effects of racism and provides a new value paradigm to limit them in the future. Know Your Price demonstrates the worth of Black people's intrinsic personal strengths, real property, and traditional institutions. These assets are a means of empowerment and, as Perry argues in this provocative and very personal book, are what we need to know and understand to build Black prosperity.
Author | : Michael D. Bordo |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 692 |
Release | : 2007-12-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0226066908 |
At the close of the Second World War, when industrialized nations faced serious trade and financial imbalances, delegates from forty-four countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in order to reconstruct the international monetary system. In this volume, three generations of scholars and policy makers, some of whom participated in the 1944 conference, consider how the Bretton Woods System contributed to unprecedented economic stability and rapid growth for 25 years and discuss the problems that plagued the system and led to its eventual collapse in 1971. The contributors explore adjustment, liquidity, and transmission under the System; the way it affected developing countries; and the role of the International Monetary Fund in maintaining a stable rate. The authors examine the reasons for the System's success and eventual collapse, compare it to subsequent monetary regimes, such as the European Monetary System, and address the possibility of a new fixed exchange rate for today's world.
Author | : Camila Casas |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 2017-11-22 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484330609 |
Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model instead a ‘dominant currency paradigm’ for small open economies characterized by three features: pricing in a dominant currency; pricing complementarities, and imported input use in production. Under this paradigm: (a) the terms-of-trade is stable; (b) dominant currency exchange rate pass-through into export and import prices is high regardless of destination or origin of goods; (c) exchange rate pass-through of non-dominant currencies is small; (d) expenditure switching occurs mostly via imports, driven by the dollar exchange rate while exports respond weakly, if at all; (e) strengthening of the dominant currency relative to non-dominant ones can negatively impact global trade; (f) optimal monetary policy targets deviations from the law of one price arising from dominant currency fluctuations, in addition to the inflation and output gap. Using data from Colombia we document strong support for the dominant currency paradigm.
Author | : Sebastian Edwards |
Publisher | : Johns Hopkins University Press |
Total Pages | : 110 |
Release | : 1988 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
This article analyzes the theory of equilibrium real exchange rates and defines misalignment as a deviation of the real exchange rate (RER) from its equilibrium level. The role of macroeconomic policies is then analyzed under three alternative nominal exchange rate regimes: predetermined nominal exchange rates; floating nominal rates; and dual or black market nominal exchange rates. This discussion points out how inconsistent macroeconomic policies often lead to real exchange rate misalignment. Corrective measures, including nominal devaluation and several alternative approaches, are then evaluated.
Author | : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 170 |
Release | : 1952-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1451949391 |
This paper discusses various foreign payments practices in the United States. Most foreign payments in the United States are, therefore, done along traditional lines in whatever manner. Several nontraditional practices, however, have developed in recent years as the result of trade and payments restrictions established by foreign Governments. The amount and type of exchange sold by the US banks to their customers are limited only, if at all, by regulations abroad or by the banks' own limitations. In making or receiving foreign payments, the US banks deal generally with three types of customers which are, in the order of their importance: exporters and importers, individuals or corporations desiring to make or receive nontrade financial payments, and speculators. Foreign payments for account of individuals are usually small individually however, in the aggregate, they represent an important function of the banks located in the larger cities with a considerable foreign-born population.