Design of Printed Ocean Sensor for Real-time Monitoring in Marine Environments

Design of Printed Ocean Sensor for Real-time Monitoring in Marine Environments
Author: Shuo-En Wu
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

In marine studies, the current sensors technologies have limitations such as time-consuming batch sample analysis, size-weight-power restrictions, and complex encapsulation, which impedes real-time in-situ measurements. In this thesis, we develop printed integrated ocean sensor designs that address the challenges through novel device configurations and soft materials selection and processing and integration strategies. My novel device configuration of dual-gate organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) extended the operating potential window over 2 V with remarkable stability, allowing high potential redox reactions to occur. Detailed analysis of the operating principle has been derived by introducing two capacitance ratios to describe the mechanism of modulating the channel conductance. The printed dual-gate OECTs achieves a detection limit of 0.3 ppm dissolved oxygen concentration in seawater, with a sensitivity of 222 [mu]A cm-2 ppm-1 for concentrations below 5 ppm. My second approach to enhance the sensitivity of the printed integrated ocean sensor is through the use of a compact microfluidics design. This design allows for the in-situ detection of target anions that are generally interfered with by the high background of chloride, especially under seawater. The tandem microfluidics structure comprises a flow feeding unit, two desalination electrochemical cells, channel extensions to reduce signals cross talk, and downstream detection through a solid-state ion-selective membrane (ISM) sensor. The integration of these components was achieved through digital cutting, stencil-printing, and lamination. This printed microfluidics platform has demonstrated a detection limit of 0.5 mM nitrate with a sensitivity of 11.3 mV/dec under a continuous seawater flow, with a response time within 8 minutes. The integration of electronic components into printed ocean sensors has been demonstrated, allowing for the simultaneous detection of multiple signals, including dissolved oxygen, salinity, and curvature changes, using customized integrated multiplexer (MUXs) systems. The printed integrated ocean sensor was constructed by patterning conductive carbon paste/graphite foils onto a flexible plastic substrate. The active devices were fabricated through electrodeposition in different configurations, including electrochemical cells and transistor structures. This integrated ocean sensor demonstrated the feasibility of detecting oyster gape down to sub-mm levels, with a measurement range of dissolved oxygen between 0.5-6 ppm and salinity between 4-40 g kg-1. In addition, I also contributed to the development of an organic retinomorphic sensor for infrared spectrum. The sensor achieved a noise-equivalent power of 0.24 nW over 0.09 cm2 detector area. Leveraging the technique of intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy from the photovoltaic community, my study probed the detector operation mechanism and in turn enhanced the sensor detectivity by interfacial modifications. The improved sensor is compatible with the aforementioned ocean sensors and has the potential to serve as a high-performance motion detector in ocean environments.

Challenges and Innovations in Ocean In Situ Sensors

Challenges and Innovations in Ocean In Situ Sensors
Author: Eric Delory
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 410
Release: 2018-09-21
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128098872

Challenges and Innovations in Ocean In-Situ Sensors: Measuring Inner Ocean Processes and Health in the Digital Age highlights collaborations of industry and academia in identifying the key challenges and solutions related to ocean observations. A new generation of sensors is presented that addresses the need for higher reliability (e.g. against biofouling), better integration on platforms in terms of size and communication, and data flow across domains (in-situ, space, etc.). Several developments are showcased using a broad diversity of measuring techniques and technologies. Chapters address different sensors and approaches for measurements, including applications, quality monitoring and initiatives that will guide the need for monitoring. Integrates information across key marine and maritime sectors and supports regional policy requirements on monitoring programs Offers tactics for enabling early detection and more effective monitoring of the marine environment and implementation of appropriate management actions Presents new technologies driving the next generation of sensors, allowing readers to understand new capabilities for monitoring and opportunities for another generation of sensors Includes a global vision for ocean monitoring that fosters a new perspective on the direction of ocean measurements

Biosensors for the Marine Environment

Biosensors for the Marine Environment
Author: Fiona Regan
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2023-05-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3031320018

This book is devoted to the exploration of innovative sensing technologies for marine applications. The book focuses on various novel biosensor designs from nano-biosensors to molecularly imprinted polymers offering a broad perspective for marine biosensors development to deployment challenges. The book aims to target researchers in the area of marine monitoring, sensor developments and deployment of devices in the marine environment.

Real-time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms

Real-time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms
Author: Babin, Marcel
Publisher: UNESCO
Total Pages: 880
Release: 2008-06-05
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9231040421

The proliferation of harmful phytoplankton in marine ecosystems can cause massive fish kills, contaminate seafood with toxins, impact local and regional economies and dramatically affect ecological balance. Real-time observations are essential for effective short-term operational forecasting, but observation and modelling systems are still being developed. This volume provides guidance for developing real-time and near real-time sensing systems for observing and predicting plankton dynamics, including harmful algal blooms, in coastal waters. The underlying theory is explained and current trends in research and monitoring are discussed.Topics covered include: coastal ecosystems and dynamics of harmful algal blooms; theory and practical applications of in situ and remotely sensed optical detection of microalgal distributions and composition; theory and practical applications of in situ biological and chemical sensors for targeted species and toxin detection; integrated observing systems and platforms for detection; diagnostic and predictive modelling of ecosystems and harmful algal blooms, including data assimilation techniques; observational needs for the public and government; and future directions for research and operations.

Monitoring of Marine Pollution

Monitoring of Marine Pollution
Author: Houma Bachari Fouzia
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2019-06-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1838808116

Many of the pollutants discharged into the sea are directly or indirectly the result of human activities. Some of these substances are biodegradable, while others are not. This study is devoted to monitoring areas of the environment. Methods assessment is based on monitoring data and an evaluation of the impact of pollution.Surveillance provides a scientific basis for standards development and application. The methodology of marine pollution control is governed by algorithms and models. A monitoring strategy should be put in place, coupled with an environmental assessment concept, through targeted research activities in areas identified at local and regional levels. This concept will make it possible to diagnose the state of "health" of these zones and consequently to correct any anomalies. Monitoring of the marine and coastal environment is based on recent methods and validated after experiments in the field of marine pollution.

Measurement for the Sea

Measurement for the Sea
Author: Pasquale Daponte
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 325
Release: 2022-01-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3030820246

In the history of humankind, the sea has always played a key role as a privileged medium for communication, commerce and contact among population centers. It constitutes an essential ecosystem, and an invaluable reservoir and source of food for all living beings. Therefore, its heath is a critical challenge for the survival of all humanity, particularly as one the most important environmental components targeted by global warming. Measuring and monitoring techniques are key tools for managing the marine environment and for supporting the Blue Economy. With this perspective, a series of annual international events, entitled Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea for short) was begun in 2017. Their increasing success inspired this book, which provides an anthology of tutorials dealing with a representative selection of topics of concern to a broad readership. The book covers two broad application areas, marine hydrography and meteorology, and then deals with instrumentation for measurement at sea. Typical metrological issues such as calibration and traceability, are considered, for both physical and chemical quantities. Key techniques, such as underwater acoustic investigation, remote sensing, measurement of waves and monitoring networks, are treated alongside marine geology and the monitoring of animal species. Economic and legal aspects of metrology for navigation are also discussed. Such an unparalleled wide vision of measurement for the sea will be of interest to a broad audience of scientists, engineers, economists, and their students.

Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste

Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher:
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2022-09
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780309458856

An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.

Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications

Advanced Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring Applications
Author: Olga Korostynska
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 350
Release: 2021-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3036504265

It is impossible to imagine the modern world without sensors, or without real-time information about almost everything—from local temperature to material composition and health parameters. We sense, measure, and process data and act accordingly all the time. In fact, real-time monitoring and information is key to a successful business, an assistant in life-saving decisions that healthcare professionals make, and a tool in research that could revolutionize the future. To ensure that sensors address the rapidly developing needs of various areas of our lives and activities, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, and end-users have established an efficient dialogue so that the newest technological achievements in all aspects of real-time sensing can be implemented for the benefit of the wider community. This book documents some of the results of such a dialogue and reports on advances in sensors and sensor systems for existing and emerging real-time monitoring applications.

Ocean Sensing and Monitoring

Ocean Sensing and Monitoring
Author: Weilin Hou
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2013-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780819496317

This is an introductory text that presents the major optical ocean sensing techniques. It is suitable for professionals and managers in related disciplines, as well as students who are interested in exploring career paths in remote sensing of the ocean or ocean engineering.