Design and Analysis of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks

Design and Analysis of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks
Author: Subramanian Pazhani
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 71
Release: 2021-04-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000359956

Closed Loop Supply Chains and its management have become mandatory for firms to stay competitive and profitable. This book provides insights for designing supply chain networks by understanding and incorporating key return parameters into the network design, which will affect profitability. The book discusses how customer categories and their acceptance behavior is incorporated into the network design. It will also show how to analyze the interaction of parameters on supply chain network design and profitability, offers modeling framework for incorporating uncertainties in the return product parameters, and how to design a robust network. Invaluable for managers in designing a sustainable, robust, and profitable supply chain network and ideal for managers, practitioners, and researchers in the area of supply chain network design and optimization.

Design and Analysis of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks

Design and Analysis of Closed-Loop Supply Chain Networks
Author: Subramanian Pazhani
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 97
Release: 2021-04-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000359913

Closed loop supply chains and their management have become mandatory for firms to stay competitive and profitable. This book provides insights into designing supply chain networks by understanding and incorporating key return parameters into the network design, which will affect profitability. The book discusses how customer categories and their acceptance behavior are incorporated into the network design. It also shows how to analyze the interaction of parameters on supply chain network design and profitability, offers modeling framework for incorporating uncertainties in the return product parameters, and shows how to design a robust network. Invaluable for managers in designing a sustainable, robust, and profitable supply chain network and ideal for managers, practitioners, and researchers in the area of supply chain network design and optimization.

Closed-Loop Supply Chains

Closed-Loop Supply Chains
Author: Mark E. Ferguson
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 163
Release: 2010-04-21
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1040083374

Closed-loop supply chain activities such as remanufacturing, recycling, dismantling for spare parts, and reverse logistics have helped many companies tap into new revenue streams by finding secondary markets for their products, all while reducing their overall carbon footprint. Written by academic experts, in language that is accessible to practitioners, this authoritative resource examines recent research and case studies of companies running profitable reuse/remanufacture operations in various industries. It illustrates profitable practices in returned and recovered products, clearly explaining how to: design a reverse logistics network, conduct production planning, implement effective marketing strategies, and apply closed-loop supply chain strategies in industries besides manufacturing. From product development to materials to assembly and profitability, this complete resource explores the impact of these processes across all aspects of the supply chain.

Design of Closed Loop Supply Chain Networks

Design of Closed Loop Supply Chain Networks
Author: Subramanian Pazhani
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:

Integrating forward and reverse supply chains has proven to be a challenging task due to the differences in the nature of the activities that make up the forward and reverse flows. With the increasing concerns over environmental degradation, legislative compliance, diminishing supply of raw materials, and consumer demands for eco-friendly products, companies have begun designing the traditional supply chain paths to form a closed loop to facilitate recycling and reuse of product returns. The integration of forward and reverse supply chains is termed as Closed Loop Supply Chains (CLSC). Largely driven by its profitable business propositions, CLSC practices help to achieve both financial success and environmental benefits. Given that the annual estimate of commercial returns in the US is in excess of $100 billion and huge potential for using the value in the returned products, this dissertation develops optimization models for the design of a CLSC network for commercial returns by explicitly considering the various aspects of product returns, refurbishing costs, and customer acceptance of refurbished products.We first consider a four stage CLSC network for a single product incorporating customer acceptance rate for refurbished products. We develop an optimization model, called the Base model, to determine the optimal locations of the facilities and the distribution of flows between the facilities in the CLSC to maximize the total profit and illustrate it using a realistic example. The results from the sensitivity analysis show that the total supply chain profit increases with the increase in refurbishing activity. The changes in product return parameters lead to changes in the optimal network design, implying the need to explicitly consider the uncertainty in these return parameters. We also observe that the refurbishing cost has an effect on the network design decisions implying the need to include it in the model. Quality of product returns vary depending upon how long the product has been in use, nature of defects, shipping damages etc. In this research, we consider four tiers of product returns, based on the quality of returned products and their refurbishing costs. Buying behaviour of the quality-sensitive high-end customers and price-sensitive low-end customers vary with respect to the price of the refurbished products. We extend our Base model considering the four tiers of product returns, their quality and the customer behaviour towards buying refurbished products. It is called the Extended Base model. We show that the inclusion of the tiers of product returns and customer behaviour towards buying refurbished product increase the supply chain profit. Using sensitivity analysis, we show that the quality of the returned products is an important factor in determining the optimal discount rates for the refurbished products. We also show that the network design varies with the customer acceptance rates of the refurbished products. Network design models are intrinsically multi-objective in nature. The Extended Base model is reformulated with two objectives: maximize profit and minimize energy usage in the warehousing facilities and transportation. We develop a bi-criteria MILP model for the problem and illustrate it using a realistic example. An interactive optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the bi-criteria problem. The algorithm poses less cognitive burden on the decision maker and converges faster to the best compromise solution. Product return parameters, customer demands, and customer acceptance of the refurbished products, are unpredictable. We model these uncertainties using a set of discrete scenarios with associated probabilities. A scenario-based robust optimization model is then developed to maximize the expected profit of the supply chain along with minimizing the variability of the profit across the scenarios. Minimizing the variability is necessary to mitigate the risk associated with the uncertain input parameters in the supply chain. The model is illustrated with an example. We provide a comparison between the robust optimal solution and the deterministic design solution. We show that the expected profit and the customer responsiveness are higher in the robust design compared to its deterministic counterpart.

Quantitative Models for Reverse Logistics

Quantitative Models for Reverse Logistics
Author: Moritz Fleischmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 181
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 364256691X

Economic, marketing, and legislative considerations are increasingly leading companies to take back and recover their products after use. From a logistics perspective, these initiatives give rise to new goods flows from the user back to the producer. The management of these goods flows opposite to the traditional supply chain flows is addressed in the recently emerged field of Reverse Logistics. This monograph considers quantitative models that support decision making in Reverse Logistics. To this end, several recent case studies are reviewed. Moreover, first hand insight from a study on used electronic equipment is reported on. On this basis, logistics issues arising in the management of "reverse" goods flows are identified. Moreover, differences between Reverse Logistics and more traditional logistics contexts are highlighted. Finally, attention is paid to capturing the characteristics of Reverse Logistics in appropriate quantitative models.

Reverse Logistics

Reverse Logistics
Author: Rommert Dekker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 429
Release: 2013-06-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 354024803X

This book addresses decision making in reverse logistics, which concerns the integration of used and obsolete products back into the supply chain as valuable resources. It covers a wide range of aspects, related to distribution, production and inventory management, and supply chain management. For each topic, it highlights key managerial issues in real-life examples and explains which quantitative models are available for addressing them. By treating a broad range of issues in a unified way, the book offers the reader a comprehensive view on the field of reverse logistics.

Green Logistics

Green Logistics
Author: Alan McKinnon
Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers
Total Pages: 448
Release: 2015-02-03
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0749471867

Leading the way in current thinking on environmental logistics, Green Logistics provides a unique insight on the environmental impacts of logistics and the actions that companies and governments can take to deal with them. It is written by leading researchers in the field and provides a comprehensive view of the subject for students, managers and policy-makers. Fully updated, the 3rd edition of Green Logistics has a more global perspective than previous editions. It introduces new contributors and international case studies that illustrate the impact of green logistics in practice. There is a new chapter on the links between green logistics and corporate social responsibility and a series of postscripts examining the effects of new developments, such as 3D printing, distribution by drone, the physical internet and the concept of peak freight. Other key topics examined include: carbon auditing of supply chains; transferring freight to greener transport modes; reducing the environmental impact of warehousing; improving the energy efficiency of freight transport; making city logistics more environmentally sustainable; reverse logistics for the management of waste; role of government in promoting sustainable logistics. The 3rd edition of Green Logistics includes indispensable online supporting materials, including graphics, tables, chapter summaries, and guidelines for lecturers.

Closed-loop Supply Chain Network Design

Closed-loop Supply Chain Network Design
Author: Mohammad Jeihoonian
Publisher:
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2016
Genre:
ISBN:

Closed loop supply chains comprise, in addition to the conventional forward flows from suppliers to end-users, a reverse flow of products, components, and materials from end-users to the manufacturers and secondary markets. Designing a closed-loop supply chain is a strategic level planning which considerably impacts on tactical and operational performance of the supply chain. It refers to the decisions taken on the location of facilities involved in the supply chain network along with the management of the physical flows associated with forward and product recovery channels. Our problem of interest is mainly motivated by the case of durable products including but not limited to large household appliances, computers, photocopying equipment, and aircraft engines. Such category of products has a modular structure, composed of independent components. As opposed to simple structured products, e.g., printer cartridges, that can only be recycled, each of the components in the reverse bill of materials of durable products can be recovered by a particular type of recovery process. Besides, durable products share a long life cycle characteristic which indeed makes designing their CLSC networks more complicated. In this thesis, in keeping with the abovementioned motivation, we focus on designing closed-loop and reverse supply chains in the context of durable products that are of various quality conditions. The recovery decisions for product return include remanufacturing, part harvesting, bulk recycling, material recycling, and landfilling/incineration. Moreover, we take into account environmental concerns regarding the harmful impacts of used products in the closed-loop supply chain planning. As the closed-loop supply chains typically encounter uncertainty in quality and quantity of the profitable return stream, we further aim to consider the impact of uncertainty in designing the recovery network. For such purposes, in the first phase, we address a closed-loop supply chain planning problem in the context of durable products with generic modular structures. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming model which is then solved by an accelerated Benders decomposition-based algorithm. The performance of the proposed decomposition approach is enhanced through incorporating algorithmic features including valid inequalities, non-dominated optimality cuts, and local branching strategies. Next, in the second phase, we propose a precise approach to model the uncertain quality status of returns, in which the availability of each component in the reverse bill of materials is modeled as discrete scenarios. We propose a two-stage stochastic programming model to address this problem setting. Then, since the cardinality of the scenario set grows exponentially with the number of involved components, we detail on a scenario reduction scheme to alleviate the computational burden of the proposed model. The stochastic problem is solved by a L-shaped algorithm enhanced through valid inequalities and Pareto-optimal cuts. Finally, we investigate designing a dynamic reverse supply chain where the quantity of the return flows is uncertain. We introduce a multi-stage stochastic programming model and develop a heuristic inspired by scenario clustering decomposition scheme as the solution method. It revolves around decomposing the scenario tree into smaller sub-trees which consequently yields a number of sub-models in accordance with sub-trees. The resulting sub-models are then coordinated by Lagrangian penalty terms. On account of the fact that each sub-model per se is a hard to solve problem, a Benders decomposition-based algorithm is proposed to solve sub-models.

Industrial Engineering in the Industry 4.0 Era

Industrial Engineering in the Industry 4.0 Era
Author: Fethi Calisir
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2017-12-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 331971225X

This book gathers extended versions of the best papers presented at the Global Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Its Application Areas (GJCIE), held in Vienna on July 20-21, 2017. They offer a snapshot of the current state of the art in three main related fields of research, namely industrial engineering, engineering and technology management, and healthcare systems engineering management. The book is intended to integrate theory and practice and to merge different perspectives, from the academic to the industrial and governmental one.

Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains

Managing Closed-Loop Supply Chains
Author: Simme D.P. Flapper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2006-03-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3540272518

Closed-Loop Supply Chains (CLSC) offer companies a unique opportunity to improve their profits whilst serving societal responsibility. The management of CLSC differs in a number of ways from managing supply chains in general. The book examines these differences and how these differences may be dealt with in practice, by offering a concrete framework, introducing the different aspects related to CLSC and their mutual relations, in a systematic logical way as well as cases clustered according to the inputs for a CLSC. The framework and especially the cases from successful companies offer the reader an invaluable help to build and improve CLSC.