The large subfamily Opiinae (Braconidae), with about 2,000 valid species is a common group containing mainly small (2-5 mm) parasitoid wasps of mainly mining or fruit-infesting dipterous larvae. Several species are potentially of importance for biocontrol of dipterous pests, and some have been used successfully. For the first time the opiine fauna of a large area is fully illustrated by colour photographs and all known species are keyed. Thirty-six new species (out of 42) and two new gen-era are described from Hunan province (Oriental China). Thirty species have been sequenced and the results are discussed. In additionÿ three species are re-named and 27 new combinations are proposed.