Description of Situations

Description of Situations
Author: Nuno Venturinha
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 110
Release: 2018-10-30
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 3030001547

This book approaches classic epistemological problems from a contextualist perspective. The author takes as his point of departure the fact that we are situated beings, more specifically that every single moment in our lives is already given within the framework of a specific context in the midst of which we understand ourselves and what surrounds us. In the process of his investigation, the author explores, in a fresh way, the works of key thinkers in epistemology. These include Bernard Bolzano, René Descartes, Gottlob Frege, Edmund Husserl, Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein, but also contemporary authors such as Stewart Cohen, Keith DeRose, David Lewis, Duncan Pritchard, Ernest Sosa and Charles Travis. Some of the topics covered are attributions of knowledge, the correspondence theory of truth, objectivity and subjectivity, possible worlds, primary and secondary evidence, scepticism, transcendentalism and relativism. The book also introduces a new contextualist thought-experiment for dealing with moral questions. Contextualism has received a great deal of attention in contemporary epistemology. It has the potential to resolve a number of issues that traditional epistemological approaches cannot address. In particular, a contextualist view opens the way to an understanding of those cognitive processes that require situational information to be fully grasped. However, contextualism poses serious difficulties in regard to epistemic invariance. This book offers readers an innovative approach to some fundamental questions in this field.

Description of Situations

Description of Situations
Author: Nuno Venturinha
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 96
Release: 2018-11-13
Genre: Philosophy
ISBN: 9783030001537

This book approaches classic epistemological problems from a contextualist perspective. The author takes as his point of departure the fact that we are situated beings, more specifically that every single moment in our lives is already given within the framework of a specific context in the midst of which we understand ourselves and what surrounds us. In the process of his investigation, the author explores, in a fresh way, the works of key thinkers in epistemology. These include Bernard Bolzano, René Descartes, Gottlob Frege, Edmund Husserl, Immanuel Kant and Ludwig Wittgenstein, but also contemporary authors such as Stewart Cohen, Keith DeRose, David Lewis, Duncan Pritchard, Ernest Sosa and Charles Travis. Some of the topics covered are attributions of knowledge, the correspondence theory of truth, objectivity and subjectivity, possible worlds, primary and secondary evidence, scepticism, transcendentalism and relativism. The book also introduces a new contextualist thought-experiment for dealing with moral questions. Contextualism has received a great deal of attention in contemporary epistemology. It has the potential to resolve a number of issues that traditional epistemological approaches cannot address. In particular, a contextualist view opens the way to an understanding of those cognitive processes that require situational information to be fully grasped. However, contextualism poses serious difficulties in regard to epistemic invariance. This book offers readers an innovative approach to some fundamental questions in this field.

Situations Matter

Situations Matter
Author: Sam Sommers
Publisher: Riverhead Books
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2012-12-31
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1594486204

Discusses the decision making process and how it is influenced by the environment.

Words and Worlds

Words and Worlds
Author:
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 390
Release: 2009-01-01
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9087909381

n this book, the reader is invited to enter a strange world in which you can tell the age of the captain by counting the animals on his ship, where runners do not get tired, and where water gets hotter when you add it to other water. It is the world of a curious genre, known as "word problems" or "story problems".

Measuring and Modeling Persons and Situations

Measuring and Modeling Persons and Situations
Author: Dustin Wood
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 734
Release: 2021-06-23
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0128192011

Measuring and Modeling Persons and Situations presents major innovations and contributions on the topic, promoting deeper integration, cross-pollination of ideas across diverse academic disciplines, and the facilitation of the development of practical applications such as matching people to jobs, understanding decision making, and predicting how a group of individuals will interact with one another. The book is organized around two overarching and interrelated themes, with the first focusing on assessing the person and the situation, covering methodological advances and techniques for inferring and measuring characteristics, and showing how they can be instantiated for measurement and predictive purposes. The book's second theme presents theoretical models, conceptualizing how factors of the person and situation can help us understand the psychological dynamics which underlie behavior, the psychological experience of fit or congruence with one’s environment, and changes in personality traits over time. Identifies technologies for measuring and predicting behavior Infers behavior causes from personality and/or situational variables Utilizes big data, machine learning and modeling to understand behavior Includes mobile phone, social media and wearable tech usage analysis Explores the stability of personality over time Considers behavior analysis to treat maladaptive behavior

Situations and Individuals

Situations and Individuals
Author: Paul D. Elbourne
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2005
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN:

An argument that pronouns, definite descriptions, and proper names have a common syntax and semantics, that of definite descriptions as construed in the tradition of Frege.

The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations

The Oxford Handbook of Psychological Situations
Author: John F. Rauthmann
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 632
Release: 2020-07-01
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 0190263350

Situations matter. They let people express their personalities and values; provoke motivations, emotions, and behaviors; and are the contexts in which people reason and act. The psychological assessment of situations is a new and rapidly developing area of research, particularly within the fields of personality and social psychology. This volume compiles state-of-the-art knowledge on psychological situations in chapters written by experts in their respective research areas. Bringing together historical reviews, theoretical pieces, methodological descriptions, and empirical applications, this volume is the definitive, go-to source for a psychology of situations.

The Psychology of Social Situations

The Psychology of Social Situations
Author: Adrian Furnham
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 549
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 1483136310

The Psychology of Social Situations: Selected Readings focuses on the situations in which social behavior occurs, taking into consideration the effects of these situations on different forms of social behavior. The selection first discusses the structure of social situations, including the structural elements of games and scenes of social interaction. Topics include paradigm for the analysis of the components and dimensions of scenes and the components, dimensions, and behavioral consequences of scenes. The publication also reviews studies on behavioral appropriateness and situational constraint as dimensions of social behavior; the use of free-response description approach for the analysis of person-situation interaction; and goal structure of situations. The book examines situational dimensions, perceived dimensions of interpersonal relations, and psychological effects of social environments. The text also ponders on the trait-situation controversy and the concept of interaction, person-situation interactions, and personality measurement. The selection is a dependable reference for psychologists and social scientists.

Situation Theory and Its Applications: Volume 1

Situation Theory and Its Applications: Volume 1
Author: Robin Cooper
Publisher: Center for the Study of Language and Information Publications
Total Pages: 532
Release: 1990
Genre: Computers
ISBN:

Situation Theory grew out of attempts by Jon Barwise in the late 1970s to provide a semantics for 'naked-infinitive' perceptual reports such as 'Claire saw Jon run'. Barwise's intuition was that Claire didn't just see Jon, an individual, but Jon doing something, a situation. Situations are individuals having properties and standing in relations. A theory of situations would allow us to study and compare various types of situations or situation-like entitles, such as facts, events, and scenes. One of the central themes of situation theory of meaning and reference should be set within a general theory of information, one moreover that is rich enough to do justice to perception, communication, and thought. By now many people have contributed by the need to give a rigorous mathematical account of the principles of information that underwrite the theory.