Discriminatory Pricing of Over-the-Counter Derivatives

Discriminatory Pricing of Over-the-Counter Derivatives
Author: Hau Harald
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 45
Release: 2019-05-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498303773

New regulatory data reveal extensive price discrimination against non-financial clients in the FX derivatives market. The client at the 90th percentile pays an effective spread of 0.5%, while the bottom quarter incur transaction costs of less than 0.02%. Consistent with models of search frictions in over-the-counter markets, dealers charge higher spreads to less sophisticated clients. However, price discrimination is eliminated when clients trade through multi-dealer request-for-quote platforms. We also document that dealers extract rents from captive clients and market opacity, but only for contracts negotiated bilaterally with unsophisticated clients.

OTC Derivatives: Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing

OTC Derivatives: Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing
Author: David Murphy
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2013-09-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781137293855

The OTC derivatives market has been hit by a massive wave of regulatory change. Capital and margin requirements have increased, trade reporting has been mandated, and execution mechanisms are evolving. Most of all, central clearing is being imposed for many transactions. OTC Derivatives: Bilateral Trading and Central Clearing explains the new rules and the new models. It discusses the traditional bilateral market, then sets out how this will change due to mandatory central clearing and the new ways in which OTC derivatives will have to be traded, reported, and processed. The risks of OTC derivatives clearing houses are discussed in detail, as are the protections that CCPs have against these risks. The book also looks at alternatives to some of the policy decisions that have been made, showing the balance between costs and benefits of various different approaches to derivatives market stability. The book is both a detailed primer on OTC derivatives clearing and a powerful insight into post-crisis financial regulation. Key features of the book include: • A discussion of the capital rules for OTC derivatives counterparty credit risk in Basel III; • An account of OTC derivatives trade processing in both bilateral and cleared markets; • A detailed account of the risk profile of OTC derivatives CCPs; • An explanation of the risks run in various collateral segregation models; and • A comparison of various macro-prudential tools for enhancing the financial stability of OTC derivatives markets.

The Economics of Derivatives

The Economics of Derivatives
Author: T. V. Somanathan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2015-03-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1316338851

While most books on derivatives discuss how they work, this book looks at the contributions of derivatives to overall economic well-being. It examines both the beneficial and adverse effects of derivatives trading from the perspectives of economic theory, empirical evidence and recent economic history. Aiming to present the concepts in a fair, non-ideological, non-mathematical and simple manner, and with the authors' own synthesis, it draws on economic insights from relevant work in other disciplines, particularly sociology and law. The book also presents some new theoretical ideas and recommendations towards a pragmatic and practical approach for policy-makers. The ultimate objective is to provide a basic conceptual framework which will help its readers form a judgement on whether, when and how derivatives are beneficial or harmful to the economy.

The Derivatives Revolution

The Derivatives Revolution
Author: Raffaele Scalcione
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 458
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041134301

It is now widely recognized that an uncontrolled "derivatives revolution" triggered one of the most spectacular worst-case scenarios of modern times. This book - the most cogent legal analysis of the subject yet to appear in any language - lays bare the core role played by the failure to adequately regulate derivatives in the financial crisis of recent years. The author's insistence that derivatives must be viewed not as profit-seeking investments but as risk management tools - and his well-grounded prescriptions to ensure that they are regulated in that way - sheds clear light on the best way for companies, financial institutions, and hedge funds to move forward in their use of these useful but highly hazardous instruments. This book clearly shows how such elements as the following fit into the legal analysis of derivatives, and how proper regulation will preserve their usefulness and economic value: ; derivatives allow for the most efficient and cost-effective risk fractioning, hence risk taking, techniques ever conceived; derivatives allow for all measurable and identifiable risks that may exist in modern finance; the ability to isolate risks and insure against risk exposures is the key to the very survival of modern financial markets; risk buyers effectively take on financial exposure to various types of risk while hedgers unload unwanted exposures; derivatives allow domestic investors to acquire exposure to foreign markets without the necessity of dealing with foreign laws, foreign investments, currency exchange, or foreign fiscal regimes; derivatives increase social welfare by making it easier and less expensive to carry out many types of financial transactions; derivatives allow governments to insulate, manage, hedge or concentrate risks deriving from financial, meteorological, and even geopolitical exposure; and derivatives allow radical changes to financial and risk structure to be performed silently and rapidly. To the question: how do we ensure that a company trading derivatives is regulated effectively? this work offers a clear and convincing answer. The author's detailed recommendations for regulatory and corporate governance measures are designed to prevent excessive risk taking, the emergence of rogue traders, and ultimately the emergence of another systemic disturbance caused by chains of derivatives-related losses.

Financial Market Regulation and Reforms in Emerging Markets

Financial Market Regulation and Reforms in Emerging Markets
Author: Masahiro Kawai
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Total Pages: 441
Release: 2011
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0815704895

"In the wake of the global financial crisis that began in 2008, offers a systematic overview of recent developments in regulatory frameworks in advanced and emerging-market countries, outlining challenges to improving regulation, markets, and access in developing economies"--Provided by publisher.

Collateral, Netting and Systemic Risk in the OTC Derivatives Market

Collateral, Netting and Systemic Risk in the OTC Derivatives Market
Author: Mr.Manmohan Singh
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 17
Release: 2010-04-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1451982763

To mitigate systemic risk, some regulators have advocated the greater use of centralized counterparties (CCPs) to clear Over-The-Counter (OTC) derivatives trades. Regulators should be cognizant that large banks active in the OTC derivatives market do not hold collateral against all the positions in their trading book and the paper proves an estimate of this under-collateralization. Whatever collateral is held by banks is allowed to be rehypothecated (or re-used) to others. Since CCPs would require all positions to have collateral against them, off-loading a significant portion of OTC derivatives transactions to central counterparties (CCPs) would require large increases in posted collateral, possibly requiring large banks to raise more capital. These costs suggest that most large banks will be reluctant to offload their positions to CCPs, and the paper proposes an appropriate capital levy on remaining positions to encourage the transition.

Regulation of Derivative Financial Instruments

Regulation of Derivative Financial Instruments
Author: Ronald H. Filler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre: Derivative securities
ISBN: 9780314289704

As a result of the Dodd-Frank Act Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, derivatives regulation has become a hot topic on Wall Street and is, therefore, of much interest to law firms with financial institutions as clients. An increasing number of classes on this subject are being taught at law schools around the country, but, to date, there has been no casebook on the subject. This casebook explores the regulation of swaps, futures and options by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission. It examines the regulatory history of derivative instruments and traces the development of modern market structures while addressing the role of the exchanges, the clearinghouses, and market participants, such as futures commission merchants, swap dealers, and hedge funds that act as commodity pool operators. Structured in a traditional format, this casebook uses cases to teach students important points of law and industry practices needed to understand the role played by derivative instruments in modern finance. The cases are accompanied by commentary from the authors expanding on the points raised in the cases.