Density Functionals For Many-particle Systems: Mathematical Theory And Physical Applications Of Effective Equations

Density Functionals For Many-particle Systems: Mathematical Theory And Physical Applications Of Effective Equations
Author: Berthold-georg Englert
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 397
Release: 2023-02-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811272166

Density Functional Theory (DFT) first established it's theoretical footing in the 1960s from the framework of Hohenberg-Kohn theorems. DFT has since seen much development in evaluation techniques as well as application in solving problems in Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry.This review volume, part of the IMS Lecture Notes Series, is a collection of contributions from the September 2019 Workshop on the topic, held in the Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore.With contributions from prominent Mathematicians, Physicists, and Chemists, the volume is a blend of comprehensive review articles on the Mathematical and the Physicochemical aspects of DFT and shorter contributions on particular themes, including numerical implementations.The book will be a useful reference for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as researchers.

Density Functional Theory

Density Functional Theory
Author: Eberhard Engel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 543
Release: 2011-02-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642140904

Density Functional Theory (DFT) has firmly established itself as the workhorse for atomic-level simulations of condensed phases, pure or composite materials and quantum chemical systems. This work offers a rigorous and detailed introduction to the foundations of this theory, up to and including such advanced topics as orbital-dependent functionals as well as both time-dependent and relativistic DFT. Given the many ramifications of contemporary DFT, the text concentrates on the self-contained presentation of the basics of the most widely used DFT variants: this implies a thorough discussion of the corresponding existence theorems and effective single particle equations, as well as of key approximations utilized in implementations. The formal results are complemented by selected quantitative results, which primarily aim at illustrating the strengths and weaknesses of particular approaches or functionals. The structure and content of this book allow a tutorial and modular self-study approach: the reader will find that all concepts of many-body theory which are indispensable for the discussion of DFT - such as the single-particle Green's function or response functions - are introduced step by step, along with the actual DFT material. The same applies to basic notions of solid state theory, such as the Fermi surface of inhomogeneous, interacting systems. In fact, even the language of second quantization is introduced systematically in an Appendix for readers without formal training in many-body theory.

Density Functional Theory

Density Functional Theory
Author: Reiner M. Dreizler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642861059

Density Functional Theory is a rapidly developing branch of many-particle physics that has found applications in atomic, molecular, solid-state and nuclear physics. This book describes the conceptual framework of density functional theory and discusses in detail the derivation of explicit functionals from first principles as well as their application to Coulomb systems. Both non-relativistic and relativistic systems are treated. The connection of density functional theory with other many-body methods is highlighted. The presentation is self-contained; the book is, thus, well suited for a graduate course on density functional theory.

Density Functional Theory

Density Functional Theory
Author: Eric Cancès
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 595
Release: 2023-07-18
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 3031223403

Density functional theory (DFT) provides the most widely used models for simulating molecules and materials based on the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. It plays a central role in a huge spectrum of applications in chemistry, physics, and materials science.Quantum mechanics describes a system of N interacting particles in the physical 3-dimensional space by a partial differential equation in 3N spatial variables. The standard numerical methods thus incur an exponential increase of computational effort with N, a phenomenon known as the curse of dimensionality; in practice these methods already fail beyond N=2. DFT overcomes this problem by 1) reformulating the N-body problem involving functions of 3N variables in terms of the density, a function of 3 variables, 2) approximating it by a pioneering hybrid approach which keeps important ab initio contributions and re-models the remainder in a data-driven way. This book intends to be an accessible, yet state-of-art text on DFT for graduate students and researchers in applied and computational mathematics, physics, chemistry, and materials science. It introduces and reviews the main models of DFT, covering their derivation and mathematical properties, numerical treatment, and applications.

Quantal Density Functional Theory II

Quantal Density Functional Theory II
Author: Viraht Sahni
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 426
Release: 2009-10-16
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540922296

In my original proposal to Springer for a book on Quantal Density Functional Theory, I had envisaged one that was as complete in its presentation as possible, describing the basic theory as well as the approximation methods and a host of applications. However,after workingon the bookforabout ?ve years, I realizedthat the goal was too ambitious, and that I would be writing for another ?ve years for it to be achieved. Fortunately,there was a natural breakin the material, and I proposed to my editor, Dr. Claus Ascheron, that we split the book into two components: the ?rst on the basic theoretical framework, and the second on approximation methods and applications. Dr. Ascheron consented, and I am thankful to him for agreeing to do so. Hence, we published Quantal Density Functional Theory in 2004, and are now publishing Quantal Density Functional Theory II: Approximation Methods and Applications. One signi?cant advantage of this, as it turns out, is that I have been able to incorporate in each volume the most recent understandings available. This volume, like the earlier one, is aimed at advanced undergraduates in physics and chemistry, graduate students and researchers in the ?eld. It is written in the same pedagogical style with details of all proofs and numerous ?gures provided to explain the physics. The book is independent of the ?rst volume and stands on its own. However, proofs given in the ?rst volume are not repeated here.

Density Functional Theory

Density Functional Theory
Author: Eberhard K.U. Gross
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 674
Release: 2013-06-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1475799756

The first Nato Advanced Studies Institute entirely devoted to density functional theory was held in Portugal in September 1983. The proceedings of this School, publis hed in early 1985, is still used as a standard reference covering the basic development of the theory and applications in atomic, molecular, solid state and nuclear physics. Ho wever, astonishing progress has been achieved in the intervening years: The foundations of the theory have been extended to cover excited states and time dependent problems more fully, density functional theory of classical liquids and superconducting systems has been addressed and extensions to relativistic, that is, field theoretical systems, as well as a more thorough discussion of magnetic field problems have been presented. In addition, new functionals have been devised, for instance under the heading of ge neralised gradient expansions, and the number of applications in the traditional fields has steadily increased, in particular in chemistry. Applications in new fields, as for instance the structure of atomic clusters and the marriage of density functional theory with molecular dynamics and simulated annealing, have provided additional impetus to the field of density functional theory.

Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory

Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory
Author: Carsten Ullrich
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 541
Release: 2012
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0199563020

Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is a quantum mechanical approach for the dynamical properties of electrons in matter. It's widely used in (bio)chemistry and physics to calculate molecular excitation energies and optical properties of materials. This is the first graduate-level text on the formal framework and applications of TDDFT.

Application of Effective Field Theory to Density Functional Theory for Finite Systems

Application of Effective Field Theory to Density Functional Theory for Finite Systems
Author: Anirban Bhattacharyya
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2005
Genre: Density functionals
ISBN:

Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) is a tool of many-body physics whose popularity has grown over the years, primarily because it provides a useful balance between accuracy and computational cost, allowing large systems to be treated in a simple self-consistent manner. Effective field theory (EFT) is a framework which allows us to study the low-energy phenomena of a system in a systematic fashion. In this thesis, EFT methods are applied to DFT as part of a program to systematically go beyond mean-field approaches to medium and heavy nuclei. A system of fermions with short-range, natural interactions and an external confining potential (e.g., fermionic atoms in an optical trap) serves as a laboratory for studying DFT/EFT. An effective action formalism leads to a Kohn-Sham DFT by applying an inversion method order-by-order in the EFT expansion parameter. Results showing the convergence of Kohn-Sham calculations at zero temperature in the local density approximation (LDA) are compared to Thomas-Fermi calculations and to power-counting estimates. When conventional Kohn-Sham DFT for Coulomb systems is extended beyond the local density approximation, the kinetic energy density is sometimes included in energy functionals in addition to the fermion density. However, a local (semi-classical) expansion of the kinetic energy density is used to write the energy as a functional of the density alone, in contrast to the Skyrme approach. The difference is manifested in different single-particle equations, which in the Skyrme case include a spatially varying effective mass. The EFT framework for DFT is generalized to reconcile these approaches. An effective action approach is used to illustrate how the exact Green's function can be calculated in terms of the Kohn-Sham Green's function. An example based on Skyrme energy functionals shows that single-particle Kohn-Sham spectra can be improved by adding sources used to construct the energy functional. Finally, spin-orbit interactions are incorporated in the formalism leading to an energy functional having the same form as that of the Skyrme functional. Gradient expansions in terms of the local Fermi momentum are also worked out, which will be of use in the immediate future.

Advances in Density Functional Theory

Advances in Density Functional Theory
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 417
Release: 1998-10-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080582583

Quantum mechanics can describe the detailed structure and behavior of matter, from electrons, atoms, and molecules, to the whole universe. It is one of the fields of knowledge that yield extraordinary precessions, limited only by the computational resources available. Among these methods is density functional theory (DFT), which permits one to solve the equations of quantum mechanics more efficiently than with any related method.The present volume represents the most comprehensive summary currently available in density functional theory and its applications in chemistry from atomic physics to molecular dynamics. DFT is currently being used by more than fifty percent of computational chemists.

Theoretical prediction of properties of atomistic systems

Theoretical prediction of properties of atomistic systems
Author: Alexander Lindmaa
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Total Pages: 82
Release: 2017-08-15
Genre:
ISBN: 9176854868

The prediction of ground state properties of atomistic systems is of vital importance in technological advances as well as in the physical sciences. Fundamentally, these predictions are based on a quantum-mechanical description of many-electron systems. One of the hitherto most prominent theories for the treatment of such systems is density functional theory (DFT). The main reason for its success is due to its balance of acceptable accuracy with computational efficiency. By now, DFT is applied routinely to compute the properties of atomic, molecular, and solid state systems. The general approach to solve the DFT equations is to use a density-functional approximation (DFA). In Kohn-Sham (KS) DFT, DFAs are applied to the unknown exchangecorrelation (xc) energy. In orbital-free DFT on the other hand, where the total energy is minimized directly with respect to the electron density, a DFA applied to the noninteracting kinetic energy is also required. Unfortunately, central DFAs in DFT fail to qualitatively capture many important aspects of electronic systems. Two prime examples are the description of localized electrons, and the description of systems where electronic edges are present. In this thesis, I use a model system approach to construct a DFA for the electron localization function (ELF). The very same approach is also taken to study the non-interacting kinetic energy density (KED) in the slowly varying limit of inhomogeneous electron densities, where the effect of electronic edges are effectively included. Apart from the work on model systems, extensions of an exchange energy functional with an improved KS orbital description are presented: a scheme for improving its description of energetics of solids, and a comparison of its description of an essential exact exchange feature known as the derivative discontinuity with numerical data for exact exchange. An emerging alternative route towards the prediction of the properties of atomistic systems is machine learning (ML). I present a number of ML methods for the prediction of solid formation energies, with an accuracy that is on par with KS DFT calculations, and with orders-of-magnitude lower computational cost. Att kunna förutsäga egenskaper hos atomistiska system utgör en viktigdel av vår teknologiska utveckling, samt spelar en betydande roll i defysikaliska vetenskaperna. Sådana förutsägelser bygger på en kvantmekaniskbeskrivning av mångelektronsystem. En av de mest framståendeteorierna för att behandla den här typen av system är täthetsfunktionalteorin(DFT). Den främsta orsaken till dess framgång är attden lyckas kombinera skaplig noggrannhet med en bra beräkningseffektivitet.DFT används numera rutinmässigt för att beräkna storheterhos atomer, molekyler, och fasta kroppar. Generellt sett löses ekvationerna inom DFT genom att man inför entäthetsfunktionalapproximation (DFA). I Kohn-Sham (KS) DFT, användsDFAer för att approximera utbytes-korrelationsenergin. Inom orbitalfriDFT, där målet är att direkt minimera den totala energin med avseendepå elektrontätheten, så approximerar man också den icke-interageranderörelseenergin hos elektronerna. Dessvärre så fallerar många centralaDFAer att kvalitativt beskriva många viktiga aspekter hos elektronsystem.Två viktiga exempel är beskrivningen av lokaliserade elektroner,samt beskrivningen av system där det förekommer elektronytor. I denna avhandling använder jag modellsystem för att konstruera enDFAför elektronlokaliseringsfunktionen (ELF). Samma tillvägagångssättappliceras sedan för att studera den kinetiska energitätheten i gränsen avlångsamt varierande elektrontätheter, där effekten av elektronytor effektivtinkluderas. Förutom arbetet som berör modellsystem, så presenterasen utökad variant av en utbytes-energifunktional med en förbättrad KSorbitalbeskrivning: ett schema för att förbättra dess energiegenskaperför solida material, samt en jämförelse av dess beskrivning av en viktigegenskap hos den exakta utbytesenergin, vilket utgörs av diskontinuiteteri dess derivata. Ett mera nyligen uppkommet samt alternativt sätt att kunna förutsägaegenskaper hos atomistiska system utgörs av maskinlärning (ML).Jag presenterar ett antal ML-modeller för att kunna förutsäga formeringsenergierhos fasta material med en noggrannhet som är i linje medresultat som uppnås av beräkningar med hjälp av KS DFT, och med enberäkningseffektivitet som är flera storleksordningar snabbare.