At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy

At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 170
Release: 2014-06-16
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 0309303214
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We depend on information and information technology (IT) to make many of our day-to-day tasks easier and more convenient. Computers play key roles in transportation, health care, banking, and energy. Businesses use IT for payroll and accounting, inventory and sales, and research and development. Modern military forces use weapons that are increasingly coordinated through computer-based networks. Cybersecurity is vital to protecting all of these functions. Cyberspace is vulnerable to a broad spectrum of hackers, criminals, terrorists, and state actors. Working in cyberspace, these malevolent actors can steal money, intellectual property, or classified information; impersonate law-abiding parties for their own purposes; damage important data; or deny the availability of normally accessible services. Cybersecurity issues arise because of three factors taken together - the presence of malevolent actors in cyberspace, societal reliance on IT for many important functions, and the presence of vulnerabilities in IT systems. What steps can policy makers take to protect our government, businesses, and the public from those would take advantage of system vulnerabilities? At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy offers a wealth of information on practical measures, technical and nontechnical challenges, and potential policy responses. According to this report, cybersecurity is a never-ending battle; threats will evolve as adversaries adopt new tools and techniques to compromise security. Cybersecurity is therefore an ongoing process that needs to evolve as new threats are identified. At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy is a call for action to make cybersecurity a public safety priority. For a number of years, the cybersecurity issue has received increasing public attention; however, most policy focus has been on the short-term costs of improving systems. In its explanation of the fundamentals of cybersecurity and the discussion of potential policy responses, this book will be a resource for policy makers, cybersecurity and IT professionals, and anyone who wants to understand threats to cyberspace.

Cybersecurity Public Policy

Cybersecurity Public Policy
Author: Bradley Fowler
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 116
Release: 2022-06-23
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1000605701
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Since 2000, many governments, parliaments, and ministries have worked diligently to define effective guidelines that safeguard both public and private sector information systems, as well as information assets, from unwanted cyberattacks and unauthorized system intrusion. While some countries manage successful cybersecurity public policies that undergo modification and revision annually, other countries struggle to define such policies effectively, because cybersecurity is not a priority within their country. For countries that have begun to define cybersecurity public policy, there remains a need to stay current with trends in cyber defense and information system security, information not necessarily readily available for all countries. This research evaluates 43 countries' cybersecurity public policy utilizing a SWOT analysis; Afghanistan, Australia, Bermuda, Canada, Chili, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Dubai, Egypt, Estonia, European Union, Finland, Gambia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Luxemburg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Samoa, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and Vietnam; to transparently discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats encompassing each of these 43 countries' cybersecurity public policies. The primary vision for this title is to create an educational resource that benefits both the public and the private sectors. Without clarity on cybersecurity public policy, there remains a gap in understanding how to meet these needs worldwide. Furthermore, while more than 43 countries have already enacted cybersecurity public policy, many countries neglect translating their policy into English; this impacts the ability of all countries to communicate clearly and collaborate harmoniously on this subject matter. This book works to fill the “gap”, stop the spread of misinformation, and become the gateway to understanding what approaches can best serve the needs of both public and private sectors. Its goals include educating the public, and, in partnership with governments, parliaments, ministries, and cybersecurity public policy analysts, helping mitigate vulnerabilities currently woven into public and private sector information systems, software, hardware, and web interface applications relied upon for daily business activities.

Cyber Security Policy Guidebook

Cyber Security Policy Guidebook
Author: Jennifer L. Bayuk
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2012-04-24
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1118027809
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Drawing upon a wealth of experience from academia, industry, and government service, Cyber Security Policy Guidebook details and dissects, in simple language, current organizational cyber security policy issues on a global scale—taking great care to educate readers on the history and current approaches to the security of cyberspace. It includes thorough descriptions—as well as the pros and cons—of a plethora of issues, and documents policy alternatives for the sake of clarity with respect to policy alone. The Guidebook also delves into organizational implementation issues, and equips readers with descriptions of the positive and negative impact of specific policy choices. Inside are detailed chapters that: Explain what is meant by cyber security and cyber security policy Discuss the process by which cyber security policy goals are set Educate the reader on decision-making processes related to cyber security Describe a new framework and taxonomy for explaining cyber security policy issues Show how the U.S. government is dealing with cyber security policy issues With a glossary that puts cyber security language in layman's terms—and diagrams that help explain complex topics—Cyber Security Policy Guidebook gives students, scholars, and technical decision-makers the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions on cyber security policy.

Cyber Security Education

Cyber Security Education
Author: Greg Austin
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 202
Release: 2020-07-30
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1000168026
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This book investigates the goals and policy aspects of cyber security education in the light of escalating technical, social and geopolitical challenges. The past ten years have seen a tectonic shift in the significance of cyber security education. Once the preserve of small groups of dedicated educators and industry professionals, the subject is now on the frontlines of geopolitical confrontation and business strategy. Global shortages of talent have created pressures on corporate and national policy for workforce development. Cyber Security Education offers an updated approach to the subject as we enter the next decade of technological disruption and political threats. The contributors include scholars and education practitioners from leading research and education centres in Europe, North America and Australia. This book provides essential reference points for education policy on the new social terrain of security in cyberspace and aims to reposition global debates on what education for security in cyberspace can and should mean. This book will be of interest to students of cyber security, cyber education, international security and public policy generally, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

Cybersecurity Policies and Strategies for Cyberwarfare Prevention

Cybersecurity Policies and Strategies for Cyberwarfare Prevention
Author: Richet, Jean-Loup
Publisher: IGI Global
Total Pages: 493
Release: 2015-07-17
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1466684577
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Cybersecurity has become a topic of concern over the past decade as private industry, public administration, commerce, and communication have gained a greater online presence. As many individual and organizational activities continue to evolve in the digital sphere, new vulnerabilities arise. Cybersecurity Policies and Strategies for Cyberwarfare Prevention serves as an integral publication on the latest legal and defensive measures being implemented to protect individuals, as well as organizations, from cyber threats. Examining online criminal networks and threats in both the public and private spheres, this book is a necessary addition to the reference collections of IT specialists, administrators, business managers, researchers, and students interested in uncovering new ways to thwart cyber breaches and protect sensitive digital information.

Cyberinsurance Policy

Cyberinsurance Policy
Author: Josephine Wolff
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 291
Release: 2022-08-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 026237076X
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Why cyberinsurance has not improved cybersecurity and what governments can do to make it a more effective tool for cyber risk management. As cybersecurity incidents—ranging from data breaches and denial-of-service attacks to computer fraud and ransomware—become more common, a cyberinsurance industry has emerged to provide coverage for any resulting liability, business interruption, extortion payments, regulatory fines, or repairs. In this book, Josephine Wolff offers the first comprehensive history of cyberinsurance, from the early “Internet Security Liability” policies in the late 1990s to the expansive coverage offered today. Drawing on legal records, government reports, cyberinsurance policies, and interviews with regulators and insurers, Wolff finds that cyberinsurance has not improved cybersecurity or reduced cyber risks. Wolff examines the development of cyberinsurance, comparing it to other insurance sectors, including car and flood insurance; explores legal disputes between insurers and policyholders about whether cyber-related losses were covered under policies designed for liability, crime, or property and casualty losses; and traces the trend toward standalone cyberinsurance policies and government efforts to regulate and promote the industry. Cyberinsurance, she argues, is ineffective at curbing cybersecurity losses because it normalizes the payment of online ransoms, whereas the goal of cybersecurity is the opposite—to disincentivize such payments to make ransomware less profitable. An industry built on modeling risk has found itself confronted by new technologies before the risks posed by those technologies can be fully understood.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity
Author: Damien Van Puyvelde
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 213
Release: 2019-08-05
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 150952813X
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In the last decade, the proliferation of billions of new Internet-enabled devices and users has significantly expanded concerns about cybersecurity. But should we believe the prophets of cyber war or worry about online government surveillance? Are such security concerns real, exaggerated or just poorly understood? In this comprehensive text, Damien Van Puyvelde and Aaron F. Brantly provide a cutting-edge introduction to the key concepts, controversies and policy debates in cybersecurity. Exploring the interactions of individuals, groups and states in cyberspace, and the integrated security risks to which these give rise, they examine cyberspace as a complex socio-technical-economic domain that fosters both great potential and peril. Structured around ten chapters, the book explores the complexities and challenges of cybersecurity using case studies – from the Morris Worm and Titan Rain to BlackEnergy and the Cyber Caliphate – to highlight the evolution of attacks that can exploit and damage individual systems and critical infrastructures. With questions for group discussion and suggestions for further reading throughout, Cybersecurity will be essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the challenges and opportunities presented by the continued expansion of cyberspace.

Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity
Author: Federico Bergamasco
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 261
Release: 2020-07-09
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9403501111
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Cybersecurity Key Legal Considerations for the Aviation and Space Sectors Federico Bergamasco, Roberto Cassar, Rada Popova & Benjamyn I. Scott As the aviation and space sectors become ever more connected to cyberspace and reliant on related technology, they become more vulnerable to potential cyberattacks. As a result, cybersecurity is a growing concern that all stakeholders in both sectors must consider. In this forward-looking book, which is the first comprehensive analysis of the relevant facets of cybersecurity in the aviation and space sectors, the authors explore the vast spectrum of relevant international and European Union (EU) law, with specific attention to associated risks, existing legal provisions and the potential development of new rules. Beginning with an overview of the different types of malicious cyber operations, the book proceeds to set the terminological landscape relevant to its core theme. It takes a top-down approach by first analysing general international and EU law related to cybersecurity, then moving to the more specific aspects of the aviation and space sectors, including telecommunications. Finally, the salient features of these analyses are combined with the practical realities in the relevant industries, giving due regard to legal and regulatory initiatives, industry standards and best practices. The broad range of issues and topics covered includes the following and more: whether the various facets of the international law on conflict apply in cyberspace and to cyberattacks; substantial policy and regulatory developments taking place at the EU level, including the activities of its relevant institutions, bodies and entities; jurisdiction and attributability issues relevant to cybersecurity in the aviation and space sectors; vulnerability of space systems, including large constellations, to malicious cyber activities and electromagnetic interference; various challenges for critical infrastructure resulting from, e.g., its interdependency, cross-border nature, public-private ownership and dual civil-military uses; safety and security in international air transportation, with special attention to the Chicago Convention and its Annexes; aviation liability and compensation in cases of cyberattacks, and insurance coverage against cyber risks; review of malicious relevant actors, malicious cyber operations, the typical life cycle of a cyberattack and industry responses. This book clearly responds to the need to elaborate adequate legal rules for ensuring that the multiple inlets for malicious cyber operations and the management of cybersecurity risks are addressed appropriately. It will be welcomed by all parties involved with aviation and space law and policy, including lawyers, governments, regulators, academics, manufacturers, operators, airports, and international governmental and non-governmental organisations. Review / Testimonial: ”In conclusion, I highly recommend this book for all scholars and practitioners of space and aviation law who need (and we all do!) a highly accurate and comprehensive background to these issues of cybersecurity.” Larry Martinez / German Journal of Air and Space Law (Zeitschrift für Luft- und Weltraumrecht) issue 2, 2021

Cybersecurity in Poland

Cybersecurity in Poland
Author: Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 506
Release: 2022
Genre: Administrative law
ISBN: 3030785513
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This open access book explores the legal aspects of cybersecurity in Poland. The authors are not limited to the framework created by the NCSA (National Cybersecurity System Act - this act was the first attempt to create a legal regulation of cybersecurity and, in addition, has implemented the provisions of the NIS Directive) but may discuss a number of other issues. The book presents international and EU regulations in the field of cybersecurity and issues pertinent to combating cybercrime and cyberterrorism. Moreover, regulations concerning cybercrime in a few select European countries are presented in addition to the problem of collision of state actions in ensuring cybersecurity and human rights. The advantages of the book include a comprehensive and synthetic approach to the issues related to the cybersecurity system of the Republic of Poland, a research perspective that takes as the basic level of analysis issues related to the security of the state and citizens, and the analysis of additional issues related to cybersecurity, such as cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and the problem of collision between states ensuring security cybernetics and human rights. The book targets a wide range of readers, especially scientists and researchers, members of legislative bodies, practitioners (especially judges, prosecutors, lawyers, law enforcement officials), experts in the field of IT security, and officials of public authorities. Most authors are scholars and researchers at the War Studies University in Warsaw. Some of them work at the Academic Centre for Cybersecurity Policy - a thinktank created by the Ministry of National Defence of the Republic of Poland. .

Cybersecurity in the European Union

Cybersecurity in the European Union
Author: George Christou
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 313
Release: 2016-01-26
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1137400528
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Cybercrime affects over 1 million people worldwide a day, and cyber attacks on public institutions and businesses are increasing. This book interrogates the European Union's evolving cybersecurity policies and strategy and argues that while progress is being made, much remains to be done to ensure a secure and resilient cyberspace in the future.