Current Issues In Environmental Justice In The Nigerian Society

Current Issues In Environmental Justice In The Nigerian Society
Author: Professor Kato Gogo Kingston
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

It is an obvious principle of law that a party can only be held liable for a breach where it can be shown that he has a duty (responsibility) to act in a certain established manner. Where there is no responsibility, there can never be accountability. Environmental injustice occasioned by industries including the tanneries, oil and gas facilities and other sources, has been at the centre of scholarly discourse in Nigeria over the past few decades. Most topical on the scale of the debate is the regulatory and institutional inefficiency in addressing the problems. By adopting the realist analytical models, the paper explores the accountability flaws of Nigeria's environmental regulatory institutions and the faults of the environmental laws induced by comprehensive capture with regards to crude oil and natural gas exploration and production. It explains how comprehensive capture occurs and illustrates the extent to which it adversely eroded the powers of the Nigerian state with regards to holding the violators accountable for environmental pollution occasioned by the oil and gas companies. It suggests that the negative externalities of industrial pollution in Nigeria may not be settled on the face of the current deficient laws and weak enforcement mechanisms.

Environmental Justice and Oil Pollution Laws

Environmental Justice and Oil Pollution Laws
Author: Eloamaka Carol Okonkwo
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2020-02-13
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1000040682

This book explores the relationship between oil pollution laws and environmental justice by comparing and contrasting the United States and Nigeria. Critically, this book not only examines the fluidity of oil pollutions laws but also how effective or ineffective enforcement can be when viewed through the lens of environmental justice. Using Nigeria as a case study and drawing upon examples from the United States, it examines the legal and institutional challenges impacting upon the effective enforcement of laws and provides a contrasting view of developed and developing countries. Focusing on the oil and gas industry, the book discusses the laws and international acceptable standards (IAS) in these industries, the principles behind their application, the existing barriers to their effective implementation, and how to overcome those barriers. Utilising an environmental justice framework, the book demonstrates the synergy between policy-making, human rights, and justice in oil-producing regions as well as addressing the importance of protecting the rights of minorities. Through a comparative analysis of the United States and Nigeria, this book draws out enforcement approaches and mechanisms for tackling oil-related pollution with a view to reducing environmental injustice in developing countries. Examining the role of NGOs in pursuing environmental justice matters, the book showed the regional courts as one avenue of overcoming the enforcement challenges faced by the developing countries. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental law, environmental justice, minorities' rights, business and human rights, energy law, and natural resource governance.

Environmental Justice in the New Millennium

Environmental Justice in the New Millennium
Author: F. Steady
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2009-06-22
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0230622534

Environmental Justice is one of the most important human rights challenges today. It refers to inequitable environmental burdens born by groups such as racial minorities, residents of economically disadvantaged areas, or residents of developing nations. This book explores this subject with case studies from various parts of the world.

Environmental Justice: Pathways to Environmental Protection in Nigeria

Environmental Justice: Pathways to Environmental Protection in Nigeria
Author: Festus Nyiwo
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2018-01-07
Genre:
ISBN: 9781983649202

This is the Trilogy Collection; VOLUME THREE. It is part of the professional, educational and informational book; an effort to critique the ideological basis of climate change analysis, the brainchild of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and others. The book profers a unique socio-political, econo-cultural and legal perspective on the larger subject of the environment. Of major concern is their policy implications to the developing world's quest to industrialize in the 21st century or so soon thereafter. A greater premise of the thesis in this book contends that environmental advocates are far more effective if they understood the milieu, the underlining cultural dimensions, the motivating ethos, alien ideologies and programmes, cleverly strewn around the globe under the guise of sustainable development; instead rapid industrialization for the under-developed world, especially when all environment is local. Therefore, I posed many comparative and empirical alternatives aimed primarily at eliciting or deducing the diversity of viable solutions to better equip policymakers with multiple, alternative and/or base-loaded perspectives. I then attempt to explain how environmental justice benefit communities of individuals in many different ways in advancing sustainable industrialization, in deliberate preference to just sustainable development. In this regard and in furtherance of true democracy, government at the several and various levels must ensure the patronage and engagement of their very best for sustainable development. Therefore, in the broader sense of environmental justice, especially in the developing world's context, renewable energy should not be limited to natural (energy) resources alone, but also extended to the efficient human resources' energy use and sustainable living or development. Topics are carefully selected and succinctly dealt with in this book to cover as much interrelated grounds as possible, while staying true to the very essence of the thesis: Environmental justice. Accordingly, this book takes on an interconnected, the multi-disciplinary and integrative approach to environmental issues to finding Sustainable solutions to the myriad of problems facing humanity and communities today. Contrastingly, Sustainable development mostly concerns itself with the preservative interrelationship between humans and nature's environment including natural resources, in such manner as not to jeopardize the chances of future generations to also enjoy these resources. Therefore, sustainable development would also entail the concept of sensible land use and the efficient consumption of natural resources, so as to avoid its depletion. For instance, throughout America's history, federal land laws have reflected two visions of public and private land ownership. The American experience showed the tension between private ownerships and public interests in lands needing a multi-disciplinary approach to resolve the conflict. Unsurprisingly, the management of common resources occupied the center stage in the 60s and 70s. It may be safe to presume that leaders of the environmental movements of this era were understandably preservationists and conservationists: They were not profiteers. We must, therefore, be able to differentiate between the environmental conservatism that bothers on nature's environmental protection in reverence to its Creator, and the post-modernist (liberal) elements of environmentalism. The former is clearly advocated for in this book. Environmental conservatism concerns itself with the cultural, ethical and spiritual attributes of and to nature, in spite of scientific considerations or validations.

Trend In Environmental Law And Access To Justice In Nigeria

Trend In Environmental Law And Access To Justice In Nigeria
Author: Muhammed Ladan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 441
Release: 2012
Genre: Environmental law
ISBN: 9783659269431

The book is divided into five chapters under the following headings: - Chapter One: - Review of NESREA Act and Regulations 2007-2011 Chapter Two: - Access to Environmental Justice in Oil Pollution and Gas Flaring Cases as a Human Right Issue in Nigeria Chapter Three: - Status and Trend of Environmental Law in Nigeria: - 1900 - 1999 Chapter Four: - Environmental Law and Land Use in Nigeria Chapter Five: - Addressing the Plight of Environmental Migrants through African Union and ECOWAS Community Laws: A Case for Climate Justice.

The Unfinished Revolution in Nigeria’s Niger Delta

The Unfinished Revolution in Nigeria’s Niger Delta
Author: Cyril Obi
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 289
Release: 2018-06-04
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 135105600X

The 1990s heralded waves of spectacular forms of local resistance and globalized protest against oil exploitation and environmental pollution in oil-producing regions of the developing world. One of the most spectacular local uprisings against global oil multinationals was led by the Ogoni people who were protesting against the exploitation and marginalization of oil-producing ethnic minority communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. However, the hanging on November 10, 1995 of nine Ogoni ethnic minority and environmental justice activists, including Ken Saro-Wiwa, only served to exacerbate protests in later years. Within a decade, dozens of locally rooted insurgent groups emerged in the Niger Delta and construed themselves as part of the social movement for ethnic minority rights and environmental justice which dates back to colonial times. However, the trajectory of the revolutionary momentum has changed over time, reflecting a mix of progressive, opportunistic and retrogressive trends. This book provides a critical study of the trajectory of struggles in the Niger Delta since 1995, paying attention to continuities and changes, including recent developments linked to the shift from local resistance, to the rupturing of the Presidential Amnesty peace deal (largely to the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta) and the resurgence low-intensity sporadic armed militancy—led by the Niger Delta Avengers militia among others. The contributors critically interrogate the nature of the region’s political economy, socio-economic trends and trajectories over the past two decades. This collection also accentuates the lessons learnt, prospects for self-determination, socio-economic and environmental justice and peace in the aftermath of the hanging.

Environmental Justice: Pathways to Environmental Protection in Nigeria

Environmental Justice: Pathways to Environmental Protection in Nigeria
Author: Festus Nyiwo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 733
Release: 2019-05-02
Genre:
ISBN: 9781096697060

This is the Trilogy Collection; VOLUME ONE. It is part of the professional, educational and informational book; an effort to critique the ideological basis of climate change analysis, the brainchild of the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and others. The book profers a unique socio-political, econo-cultural and legal perspective on the larger subject of the environment. Of major concern is their policy implications to the developing world's quest to industrialize in the 21st century or so soon thereafter. A greater premise of the thesis in this book contends that environmental advocates are far more effective if they understood the milieu, the underlining cultural dimensions, the motivating ethos, alien ideologies, and programmes, cleverly strewn around the globe under the guise of sustainable development; instead rapid industrialization for the under-developed world, especially when all environment is local. Therefore, I posed many comparative and empirical alternatives aimed primarily at eliciting or deducing the diversity of viable solutions to better equip policymakers with multiple, alternative and/or base-loaded perspectives.I then attempt to explain how environmental justice benefit communities of individuals in many different ways in advancing sustainable industrialization, in deliberate preference to just sustainable development. In this regard and in furtherance of true democracy, government at the several and various levels must ensure the patronage and engagement of their very best for sustainable development. Therefore, in the broader sense of environmental justice, especially in the developing world's context, renewable energy should not be limited to natural (energy) resources alone, but also extended to the efficient human resources' energy use and sustainable living or development.Topics are carefully selected and succinctly dealt with in this book to cover as much interrelated grounds as possible, while staying true to the very essence of the thesis: Environmental justice. Accordingly, this book takes on an interconnected, the multi-disciplinary and integrative approach to environmental issues to finding Sustainable solutions to the myriad of problems facing humanity and communities today.Contrastingly, Sustainable development mostly concerns itself with the preservative interrelationship between humans and nature's environment including natural resources, in such manner as not to jeopardize the chances of future generations to also enjoy these resources. Therefore, sustainable development would also entail the concept of sensible land use and the efficient consumption of natural resources, so as to avoid its depletion. For instance, throughout America's history, federal land laws have reflected two visions of public and private land ownership. The American experience showed the tension between private ownerships and public interests in lands needing a multi-disciplinary approach to resolve the conflict.Unsurprisingly, the management of common resources occupied the center stage in the 60s and 70s. It may be safe to presume that leaders of the environmental movements of this era were understandably preservationists and conservationists: They were not profiteers. We must, therefore, be able to differentiate between the environmental conservatism that bothers on nature's environmental protection in reverence to its Creator, and the post-modernist (liberal) elements of environmentalism. The former is clearly advocated for in this book. Environmental conservatism concerns itself with the cultural, ethical and spiritual attributes of and to nature, in spite of scientific considerations or validations.

Climate Change, Multinationals and Human Rights in Nigeria

Climate Change, Multinationals and Human Rights in Nigeria
Author: Eghosa Ekhator
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre:
ISBN:

In Nigeria, many of its citizens are quite vulnerable to the vagaries or negative impacts of climate change. This has been exacerbated by a plethora of factors not limited to poverty, the activities of multinational companies (MNCs) and endemic environmental injustice issues in many parts of the country especially the Niger Delta region (wherein the oil and gas industry is located). Arguably, the impacts of climate change will have negative consequences on Nigerians (especially in the Niger Delta). This chapter relies on climate justice as its analytical lens. Climate justice which is an offshoot of the environmental justice paradigm can be used to improve access to justice and protect climate change victims in Nigeria. The chapter also highlights some of the recent reforms or initiatives by the Nigerian government in improving climate justice in the country. This chapter discusses the potential of climate change litigation in Nigeria as one of the strategies that can be used in ventilating climate justice issues in the country.

Implementing Environmental Constitutionalism

Implementing Environmental Constitutionalism
Author: Erin Daly
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 253
Release: 2018-11-08
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1107165180

Constitutions can play a central role in responding to environmental challenges, such as pollution, biodiversity loss, lack of drinking water, and climate change. The vast majority of people on earth live under constitutional systems that protect the environment or recognize environmental rights. Such environmental constitutionalism, however, falls short without effective implementation by policymakers, advocates and jurists. Implementing Environmental Constitutionalism: Current Global Challenges explains and explores this 'implementation gap'. This collection is both broad and deep. While some of the essays analyze crosscutting themes, such as climate change and the need for rule of law that affect the implementation of environmental constitutionalism throughout the world, others delve deeply into geographically contextual experiences for lessons about how constitutional environmental law might be more effectively implemented. This volume informs global conversations about whether and how environmental constitutionalism can be made more effective to protect the natural environment.

The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice

The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice
Author: Ryan Holifield
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 857
Release: 2017-09-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1317392817

The Routledge Handbook of Environmental Justice presents an extensive and cutting-edge introduction to the diverse, rapidly growing body of research on pressing issues of environmental justice and injustice. With wide-ranging discussion of current debates, controversies, and questions in the history, theory, and methods of environmental justice research, contributed by over 90 leading social scientists, natural scientists, humanists, and scholars from professional disciplines from six continents, it is an essential resource both for newcomers to this research and for experienced scholars and practitioners. The chapters of this volume examine the roots of environmental justice activism, lay out and assess key theories and approaches, and consider the many different substantive issues that have been the subject of activism, empirical research, and policy development throughout the world. The Handbook features critical reviews of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methodological approaches and explicitly addresses interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, and engaged research. Instead of adopting a narrow regional focus, it tackles substantive issues and presents perspectives from political and cultural systems across the world, as well as addressing activism for environmental justice at the global scale. Its chapters do not simply review the state of the art, but also propose new conceptual frameworks and directions for research, policy, and practice. Providing detailed but accessible overviews of the complex, varied dimensions of environmental justice and injustice, the Handbook is an essential guide and reference not only for researchers engaged with environmental justice, but also for undergraduate and graduate teaching and for policymakers and activists.