Ferroelectric Phenomena in Crystals

Ferroelectric Phenomena in Crystals
Author: Boris A. Strukov
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3642602932

The expansion of the application of ferroelectric crystals in engineering as well as of a number of fundamental problems of solid-state physics, which have not yet been solved and which bear a direct relation to ferro electricity, has lately stimulated much interest in the problem of ferroelectricity. In courses of solid-state physics ferroelectricity is studied today along with traditional disciplines, such as magnetism, superconductivity, and 'semiconducting phe nomena. Moreover, new specialities have been born concerned directly with the development and utilization of ferroelectric material~ in optics, acous tics, computer technology, and capacitor engineering. Special courses in the physics of ferroelectrics are read in a number of colleges and universities. The study of the nature of ferro electricity has currently reached such a level of development that we may speak of having gained a rather deep insight into the physical essence of a number of phenomena, which contribute to the generation of a spontaneous electric polarization in crystals. It is exactly at this level that it has become possible to single out that part of the problem, the physical picture of which can be depicted in a rather unsophisticated manner and which is the foundation for the construction of a building of "complete understanding".

Liquid Crystals In The Nineties And Beyond

Liquid Crystals In The Nineties And Beyond
Author: Satyen Kumar
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 474
Release: 1996-01-10
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9814500755

This book is a collection of 13 articles, written by experts, on different aspects of the physics and applications of liquid crystals. In addition to giving self-contained review articles with good bibliography, the authors have discussed the anticipated or highly important and desirable breakthroughs in the near future in their respective fields. The book should provide readers with a good starting point, insight, and an indicator of what current important problems are. Good researchers should benefit in fine tuning their efforts to test the ideas put forward by the authors.

Crystals

Crystals
Author: Jennie Harding
Publisher:
Total Pages: 323
Release: 2019-10
Genre: Alternative medicine
ISBN: 1782407693

A complete guide to collecting and using crystals, covering their meaning, physical characteristics, and healing properties. Crystals divides the earth's most significant minerals into twenty color bands and explores the meaning and healing qualities of each color ray alongside the properties of the stones. A beautiful crystal color directory and crystal gallery profile over one hundred of these extraordinary works of nature. Detailed information on the effect each crystal has on mind, body, and spirit is combined with practical advice on crystal healing

X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals

X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction in Nonideal Crystals
Author: Mikhail A. Krivoglaz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 483
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642742912

Mikhail Alexandrovich Krivoglaz died unexpectedly when he was preparing the English edition of his two-volume monograph on diffraction and diffuse scatter ing of X-rays and neutrons in imperfect crystals. His death was a heavy blow to all who knew him, who had worked with him and to the world science community as a whole. The application of the diffraction techniques for the study of imperfections of crystal structures was the major field of Krivoglaz' work throughout his career in science. He started working in the field in the mid-fifties and since then made fundamental contributions to the theory of real crystals. His results have largely determined the current level of knowledge in this field for more than thirty years. Until the very last days of his life, Krivoglaz continued active studies in the physics of diffraction effects in real crystals. His interest in the theory aided in the explanation of the rapidly advancing experimental studies. The milestones marking important stages of his work were the first mono graph on the theory of X-ray and neutron scattering in real crystals which was published in Russian in 1967 (a revised English edition in 1969), and the two volume monograph published in Russian in 1983-84 (this edition is the revised translation of the latter).

Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films

Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films
Author: Alexander Tagantsev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 828
Release: 2011-03-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1441914226

At present, the marketplace for professionals, researchers, and graduate students in solid-state physics and materials science lacks a book that presents a comprehensive discussion of ferroelectrics and related materials in a form that is suitable for experimentalists and engineers. This book proposes to present a wide coverage of domain-related issues concerning these materials. This coverage includes selected theoretical topics (which are covered in the existing literature) in addition to a plethora of experimental data which occupies over half of the book. The book presents experimental findings and theoretical understanding of ferroic (non-magnetic) domains developed during the past 60 years. It addresses the situation by looking specifically at bulk crystals and thin films, with a particular focus on recently-developed microelectronic applications and methods for observations of domains with techniques such as scanning force microscopy, polarized light microscopy, scanning optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and surface decorating techniques. "Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films" covers a large area of material properties and effects connected with static and dynamic properties of domains, which are extremely relevant to materials referred to as ferroics. In other textbooks on solid state physics, one large group of ferroics is customarily covered: those in which magnetic properties play a dominant role. Numerous books are specifically devoted to magnetic ferroics and cover a wide spectrum of magnetic domain phenomena. In contrast, "Domains in Ferroic Crystals and Thin Films" concentrates on domain-related phenomena in nonmagnetic ferroics. These materials are still inadequately represented in solid state physics textbooks and monographs.

Incommensurate Crystals, Liquid Crystals, and Quasi-Crystals

Incommensurate Crystals, Liquid Crystals, and Quasi-Crystals
Author: J.F. Scott
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 365
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1475701845

In this NATO-sponsored Advanced Research Workshop we succeeded in bringing together approximately forty scientists working in the three main areas of structurally incommensurate materials: incommensurate crystals (primarily ferroelectric insulators), incommensurate liquid crystals, and metallic quasi-crystals. Although these three classes of materials are quite distinct, the commonality of the physics of the origin and descrip tion of these incommensurate structures is striking and evident in these proceedings. A measure of the success of this conference was the degree to which interaction among the three subgroups occurred; this was facili tated by approximately equal amounts of theory and experiment in the papers presented. We thank the University of Colorado for providing pleasant housing and conference facilities at a modest cost, and we are especially grate ful to Ann Underwood, who retyped all the manuscripts into camera-ready form. J. F. Scott Boulder, Colorado N. A. Clark v CONTENTS PART I: INCOMMENSURATE CRYSTALS A. Theory A PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY OF THE TRANSITION SEQUENCE INCLUDING AN INCOMMENSURATE (COMMENSURATE) PHASE SANDWICHED BY REENTRANT COMMENSURATE (INCOMMENSURATE) PHASE - Yoshihiro Ishibashi . . . . . 1 DAUPHINE-TWIN DOMAIN CONFIGURATIONS IN QUARTZ AND ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE - M. B. Wa lker . . . . . . . . . . 9 ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING FROM QUASI-PERIODIC STRUCTURES - T. Janssen and R. Currat . . . . . 19 ARE EXOTIC CONSEQUENCES OF INCOMMENSURABILITY IN SOLIDS EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVABLE? - J. B. Sokoloff. 35 B. Theory - Numerical l1ethods THE APPLICATION OF AXIAL ISING MODELS TO THE DESCRIPTION OF MODULATED ORDER - Julia Yeomans . . 45 TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODELS OF COMMENSURATE-INCOMMENSURATE PHASE TRANSITIONS - Palll D. Beale . . .

Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals

Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals
Author: Patrick Oswald
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 724
Release: 2005-12-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780849398407

Liquid crystals allow us to perform experiments that provide insight into fundamental problems of modern physics, such as phase transitions, frustration, elasticity, hydrodynamics, defects, growth phenomena, and optics. Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals: Concepts and Physical Properties Illustrated by Experiments is a result of personal research and of the graduate lectures given by the authors at the École Normale Supérieure de Lyon and the University of Paris VII, respectively. The book examines lamellar (smectic) and columnar liquid crystals, which, in addition to orientational order, possess 1D, 2D or 3D positional order. This volume illustrates original physical concepts using methodically numerous experiments, theoretical developments, and diagrams. Topics include rheology and plasticity, ferroelectricity, analogies with superconductors, hexatic order and 2D-melting, equilibrium shapes, facetting, and the Mullins-Sekerka instability, as well as phase transitions in free films and membrane vibrations. Nematic and cholesteric liquid crystals are covered by the authors in a separate volume entitled Nematic and Cholesteric Liquid Crystals: Concepts and Physical Properties Illustrated by Experiments. Smectic and Columnar Liquid Crystals is an ideal introduction and a valuable source of reference for theoretical and experimental studies of advanced students and researchers in liquid crystals, condensed matter physics, and materials science.