Cost to the Consumer for Collection and Treatment of Wastewater

Cost to the Consumer for Collection and Treatment of Wastewater
Author: Robert Smith
Publisher:
Total Pages: 86
Release: 1972
Genre: Sewage disposal
ISBN:

The national average per capita cost for collection and treatment of municipal wastewater was computed based on the 1968 Inventory of Municipal Waste Treatment Facilities in the United States and per capita cost relationships for building and operating collection and treatment facilities. All costs are given per capita served with treatment facilities using the level of treatment existing in 1968. The cost of collection is about three times as expensive as treatment. The current status of collection and treatment in the United States is discussed and estimates are made of needed additional expenditure.

Financing and Charges for Wastewater Systems WEF MOP 27

Financing and Charges for Wastewater Systems WEF MOP 27
Author: Water Environment Federation
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2004-10-03
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0071782559

Provides a general overview of the current practices and procedures that should be considered for financing and establishing rates and charges for wastewater collection and treatment systems. It updates the 1984 Edition of Financing and Charges for Wastewater Systems co-published by (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and (American Public Health Association (APHA), then in its second edition, and serves as a guide to wastewater utility managers, municipal officials, engineers, accountants, and rate analysts. Because the material was updated using a more rigorous peer-review process, the publication is now classified as a Manual of Practice. This manual is not intended to provide a simplistic “cook book” or universal approach to cost allocation and rate making. Rather, it is meant to illustrate the various ways of analyzing and allocating the operating and capital costs associated with collecting and treating wastewater and developing rates and charges that reasonably and equitably reflect the cost of service. The manual stresses the complexity of the integrated considerations involved in developing wastewater system cost allocation and rates for services.

Water Reuse

Water Reuse
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2012-07-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309224624

Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.