Complex Ownership Structures and Corporate Valuations

Complex Ownership Structures and Corporate Valuations
Author: Luc Laeven
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 44
Release: 2007-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

The bulk of corporate governance theory examines the agency problems that arise from two extreme ownership structures: 100 percent small shareholders or one large, controlling owner combined with small shareholders. In this paper, we question the empirical validity of this dichotomy. In fact, one-third of publicly listed firms in Europe have multiple large owners, and the market value of firms with multiple blockholders differs from firms with a single large owner and from widely-held firms. Moreover, the relationship between corporate valuations and the distribution of cash-flow rights across multiple large owners is consistent with the predictions of recent theoretical models.

formal versus informal finance: evidence from china

formal versus informal finance: evidence from china
Author: Vojislav Maksimovic
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 77
Release: 2008
Genre: Access to Finance
ISBN:

Abstract: China is often mentioned as a counterexample to the findings in the finance and growth literature since, despite the weaknesses in its banking system, it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The fast growth of Chinese private sector firms is taken as evidence that it is alternative financing and governance mechanisms that support China's growth. This paper takes a closer look at firm financing patterns and growth using a database of 2,400 Chinese firms. The authors find that a relatively small percentage of firms in the sample utilize formal bank finance with a much greater reliance on informal sources. However, the results suggest that despite its weaknesses, financing from the formal financial system is associated with faster firm growth, whereas fund raising from alternative channels is not. Using a selection model, the authors find no evidence that these results arise because of the selection of firms that have access to the formal financial system. Although firms report bank corruption, there is no evidence that it significantly affects the allocation of credit or the performance of firms that receive the credit. The findings suggest that the role of reputation and relationship based financing and governance mechanisms in financing the fastest growing firms in China is likely to be overestimated.

Corporate Finance and Capital Structure

Corporate Finance and Capital Structure
Author: Kentaro Asai
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 105
Release: 2020-12-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1000320499

A concise guide for students to quickly grasp the essentials of capital structure theory, providing them with a “shortcut” to the comprehension of important frameworks and a “story” that allows them to see what each model is motivated by and aimed at, especially in relation to competing models. Thereby, the book exclusively allows readers to learn capital structure theory in an efficient and unified manner. In this book, the author captures, in a succinct way, the key frameworks that persistently appear in the corporate finance arena, such as the neutrality of capital structure in a frictionless capital market, trade-off theory, agency theory, security design, and information asymmetry. Suitable both as a core textbook for post-graduate or doctoral level students and as a concise guide for practitioners and regulators.

Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises

Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises
Author: World Bank Publications
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 391
Release: 2014-10-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1464802297

This Toolkit provides an overall framework with practical tools and information to help policymakers design and implement corporate governance reforms for state-owned enterprises. It concludes with guidance on managing the reform process, in particular how to prioritize and sequence reforms, build capacity, and engage with stakeholders.

Thin Capitalization Rules and Multinational Firm Capital Structure

Thin Capitalization Rules and Multinational Firm Capital Structure
Author: Jennifer Blouin
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 37
Release: 2014-01-24
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1484384644

This paper examines the impact of thin capitalization rules that limit the tax deductibility of interest on the capital structure of the foreign affiliates of US multinationals. We construct a new data set on thin capitalization rules in 54 countries for the period 1982-2004. Using confidential data on the internal and total leverage of foreign affiliates of US multinationals, we find that thin capitalization rules significantly affect multinational firm capital structure. Specifically, restrictions on an affiliate’s debt-to-assets ratio reduce this ratio on average by 1.9%, while restrictions on an affiliate’s borrowing from the parent-to-equity ratio reduce this ratio by 6.3%. Also, restrictions on borrowing from the parent reduce the affiliate’s debt-to-assets ratio by 0.8%, which shows that rules targeting internal leverage have an indirect effect on the overall indebtedness of affiliate firms. The impact of capitalization rules on affiliate leverage is higher if their application is automatic rather than discretionary. Furthermore, thin capitalization regimes have aggregate firm effects: they reduce the firm’s aggregate interest expense but lower firm valuation. Overall, our results show than thin capitalization rules, which thus far have been understudied, have a substantial effect on the capital structure within multinational firms, with implications for the firm’s market valuation.

Dividend Policy and Corporate Governance

Dividend Policy and Corporate Governance
Author: Luis Correia da Silva
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 204
Release: 2004-02-26
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0191531812

Dividends are not only a signal about a firm's prospects under asymmetric information, but they can also act as a corporate governance device to align the management's interests with those of the shareholders. Dividend Policy and Corporate Governance is the first comprehensive volume on the relationship between dividend policy and corporate governance, and examines in detail empirical studies and current theories. Reviewing the interactions between dividend policy and other corporate governance mechanisms, it compares results for the UK and the US with those for other countries such as France, Germany, and Japan, and provides new empirical evidence on corporate governance in continental Europe and its impact on dividends. Focusing on one of the main representatives of this system, Germany, it highlights major differences between the dividend policies of German firms and those of UK or US firms. Conventional wisdom states that German dividends are lower than UK or US dividends, yet on a published-profits basis the exact converse is true. In addition, the authors demonstrate a link between corporate control structures and dividend payouts, report evidence that the existence of a loss is an additional determinant of dividend changes, and demonstrate that the tax status of the controlling shareholder and the firm's dividend payout are not linked. The conclusions reached in this book have important implications for the current debate on corporate governance, making it invaluable for academics, finance professionals, regulators, and legal advisors.

The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance

The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance
Author: Douglas Cumming
Publisher: OUP USA
Total Pages: 937
Release: 2012-03-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0195391241

Provides a comprehensive picture of issues dealing with different sources of entrepreneurial finance and different issues with financing entrepreneurs. The Handbook comprises contributions from 48 authors based in 12 different countries.