Copper in N-Heterocyclic Chemistry

Copper in N-Heterocyclic Chemistry
Author: Ananya Srivastava
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 506
Release: 2020-11-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 012821547X

Copper in N-Heterocyclic Chemistry provides an overview of copper-catalyzed synthesis and functionalization of N-heterocyclic compounds, covering all recent developments in a way that is ideal for researchers and students working in the area of synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. The book explores N-heterocyclic compounds as unique structural units in the development of natural products and pharmaceuticals, along with the remarkable progress made in the area of high atom economic strategies, and more recently, copper-catalyzed C-H activation and its applications in organic synthesis. Readers will find troubleshooting protocols, as well as the advantages and limitations of each method discussed. As copper catalysts show versatile chemical reactivity in many aspects, including their oxidation states 0–3 are accessible and their ability to facilitate bond formations due to their ability to serve as Lewis acids, oxidizing agents and catalysts, this book is an ideal resource on the topics explored. Discusses novel synthetic methods developed over the past decade for copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds Covers the most recent methodologies adapted in synthetic chemistry for applications in natural products and pharmaceuticals Includes troubleshooting protocols, as well as the advantages and limitations of each method discussed in detail

Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions

Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions
Author: Gwilherm Evano
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 851
Release: 2013-11-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118060458

Providing comprehensive insight into the use of copper in cross-coupling reactions, Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions provides a complete up-to-date collection of the available reactions and catalytic systems for the formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds. This essential reference covers a broad scope of copper-mediated reactions, their variations, key advances, improvements, and an array of academic and industrial applications that have revolutionized the field of organic synthesis. The text also discusses the mechanism of these transformations, the use of copper as cost-efficient alternative to palladium, as well as recently developed methods for conducting copper-mediated reactions with supported catalysts.

The Organometallic Chemistry of N-heterocyclic Carbenes

The Organometallic Chemistry of N-heterocyclic Carbenes
Author: Han Vinh Huynh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 352
Release: 2017-01-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118698800

The Organometallic Chemistry of N-heterocyclic Carbenes describes various aspects of N-heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) and their transition metal complexes at an entry level suitable for advanced undergraduate students and above. The book starts with a historical overview on the quest for carbenes and their complexes. Subsequently, unique properties, reactivities and nomenclature of the four classical NHCs derived from imidazoline, imidazole, benzimidazole and 1,2,4-triazole are elaborated. General and historically relevant synthetic aspects for NHCs, their precursors and complexes are then explained. The book continues with coverage on the preparation and characteristics of selected NHC complexes containing the most common metals in this area, i.e. Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Cu, Au, Ru, Rh and Ir. The book concludes with an overview and outlook on the development of various non-classical NHCs beyond the four classical types. Topics covered include: Stabilization, dimerization and decomposition of NHCs Stereoelectronic properties of NHCs and their evaluation Diversity of NHCs Isomers of NHC complexes and their identification NMR spectroscopic signatures of NHC complexes normal, abnormal and mesoionic NHCs The Organometallic Chemistry of N-heterocyclic Carbenes is an essential resource for all students and researchers interested in this increasingly important and popular field of research.

Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis

Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
Author: Gopinathan Anilkumar
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 504
Release: 2020-12-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3527347372

The most current information on growing field of copper catalysis Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis contains an up-to-date overview of the most important reactions in the presence of copper catalysts. The contributors—noted experts on the topic—provide an introduction to the field of copper catalysis, reviewing its development, scope, and limitations, as well as providing descriptions of various homo- and cross-coupling reactions. In addition, information is presented on copper-catalyzed C–H activation, amination, carbonylation, trifluoromethylation, cyanation, and click reactions. Comprehensive in scope, the book also describes microwave-assisted and multi-component transformations as well as copper-catalyzed reactions in green solvents and continuous flow reactors. The authors highlight the application of copper catalysis in asymmetric synthesis and total synthesis of natural products and heterocycles as well as nanocatalysis. This important book: Examines copper and its use in organic synthesis as a more cost-effective and sustainable for researchers in academia and industry Offers the first up-to-date book to explore copper as a first line catalyst for many organic reactions Presents the most significant developments in the area, including cross-coupling reactions, C–H activation, asymmetric synthesis, and total synthesis of natural products and heterocycles Contains over 20 contributions from leaders in the field Written for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, natural products chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, and chemists in industry, Copper Catalysis in Organic Synthesis offers a book on the growing field of copper catalysis, covering cross-coupling reactions, C–H activation, and applications in the total synthesis of natural products.

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Author: Steven P. Nolan
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014-11-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783527334902

This comprehensive reference and handbook covers in depth all major aspects of the use of N-heterocyclic carbene-complexes in organic synthesis: from the theoretical background to characterization, and from cross-coupling reactions to olefin metathesis. Edited by a leader and experienced scientist in the field of homogeneous catalysis and use of NHCs, this is an essential tool for every academic and industrial synthetic chemist.

New Fundamental Transformations of Heterocyclic Compounds Enabled by Copper Catalysis

New Fundamental Transformations of Heterocyclic Compounds Enabled by Copper Catalysis
Author: Michael William Gribble (Jr.)
Publisher:
Total Pages: 320
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

Chapter One. Introduction to Catalytic C–C−Bond−Forming Reactions of Alkylcopper(I) Nucleophiles This chapter provides a brief historical perspective on the development of Cucatalyzed C–C−bond-forming reactions and an overview of the general facets of organocopper reactivity that are most important to the work documented in subsequent chapters. Chapter Two: Asymmetric Copper-Hydride-Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydrosilylation of Vinylarenes and Vinyl Heterocycles Copper hydride complexes catalyze highly enantioselective Markovnikov hydrosilylation of vinylarenes and vinyl heterocycles. This method has a broad scope and enables both the synthesis of isolable silanes and the conversion of crude products to chiral alcohols. DFT calculations support a mechanism proceeding by hydrocupration followed by !-bond metathesis with a hydrosilane. Chapter Three: Asymmetric Cu-Catalyzed 1,4−Dearomatization of Pyridines and Pyridazines without Preactivation of the Heterocycle or Nucleophile. A chiral copper hydride complex catalyzes C-C bond-forming dearomatization of pyridines and pyridazines at room temperature. The catalytic reaction operates directly on free heterocycles and generates the nucleophiles in situ, eliminating the need for stoichiometric preactivation of either reaction partner; further, it is one of very few methods available for the enantioselective 1,4−dearomatization of heteroarenes. Combining the dearomatization with facile derivatization steps enables one-pot syntheses of enantioenriched pyridines and piperidines. Chapter Four: Evidence for Simultaneous Dearomatization of Two Arenes Under Mild Conditions in Cu(I)-Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Dearomatization of Pyridine Bis(phosphine) copper hydride complexes are uniquely able to catalyze the direct dearomatization of unactivated pyridines with carbon nucleophiles, but the mechanistic basis for this result has been unclear. Here we show that, contrary to our initial hypotheses, the catalytic mechanism is monometallic and proceeds via dearomative rearrangement of the phenethylcopper nucleophile to a Cparametalated form prior to reaction at heterocycle C4. Our studies support an unexpected heterocycle-promoted pathway for this net 1,5−Cu−migration beginning with a doubly dearomative imidoyl-Cu-ene reaction. Kinetics, substituent effects, computational modeling, and spectroscopic studies support the involvement of this unusual process. The CuL2 fragment subsequently mediates a stepwise Cope rearrangement of the doubly dearomatized intermediate to give the C4− functionalized 1,4-dihydropyridine, lowering a second barrier in the pathway that otherwise prohibit efficient asymmetric catalysis.

(N-heterocyclic-carbene)Copper(I)-catalyzed Carbon-carbon Bond Formation Using Carbon Dioxide

(N-heterocyclic-carbene)Copper(I)-catalyzed Carbon-carbon Bond Formation Using Carbon Dioxide
Author: Gergely Sirokman
Publisher:
Total Pages: 198
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

This thesis presents work towards the development of a new catalytic C-C bond forming reaction. Alkynes and olefins insert into [(IPr)CuH]2 (IPr = N, N-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-imidazol-2-ylidene) to give copper vinyl and copper alkyl complexes. These copper complexes insert CO2 into the Cu-C bond to form copper acrylate and copper carboxylate complexes. Acrylic and carboxylic acids can be isolated by hydrolysis. A catalytic cycle based on (IPr)copper(I) was developed. Alkynes undergo reductive carboxylation to give acrylic acids in moderate yields. Unexpected interactions between several components of the catalytic system led to a number of side reaction, most importantly between [(IPr)CuH]2 and the product silyl acrylate. The use of silylcarbonate salts to desylilate the product enhanced yield. In addition, silylcarbonates can also serve as a source of CO2.