Contribution à l'étude d'un modèle d'accident systémique, le cas du modèle STAMP

Contribution à l'étude d'un modèle d'accident systémique, le cas du modèle STAMP
Author: Karim Hardy
Publisher:
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2010
Genre:
ISBN:

Véritable outil de compréhension des causes et des conséquences d'événements dommageables voire catastrophiques, les modèles d'accident ont pris une place essentielle au cœur des démarches d'enquêtes-accident et/ou d'évaluations des risques au sein des systèmes socio-techniques. Leur efficacité n'est plus à prouver et nombreuses sont les organisations les utilisant aux fins de répondre à un besoin de sécurité et à des exigences de performances et de progrès. De nombreux modèles d'accident ont donc été développés. Fondés originellement sur le principe de représentations d'une chaîne d'événements relier par des relations de causes à effets, les modèles contemporains s'appuient désormais, pour une minorité encore, sur la théorie des systèmes et la théorie du contrôle, favorisant ainsi une analyse systémique et une vision holistique des accidents et des catastrophes. Parmi les démarches de modélisation les plus récentes et abouties, le modèle d'accident systémique appelé STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Modeling and Processes), développé au sein du Massachusetts Institute of Technology, et se fondant sur les concepts de " contrainte ", de " structure " et de " modèle de processus " a été retenu dans le cadre de cette thèse. Ce modèle pose comme hypothèse que les accidents résultent d'un contrôle inefficace et inadéquate de la structure d'un système socio-technique le conduisant et le condamnant ainsi à migrer d'un état " sûr " vers un état accidentel. La thèse se fixe trois objectifs. Le premier vise à s'approprier les fondements épistémologiques, théoriques et méthodologiques sous jacents au modèle STAMP. Le deuxième consiste en la mise en œuvre effective du modèle dans le cadre de l'évaluation des risques d'un procédé industriel innovant de dépollution de sédiments contaminés. Le troisième ambitionne à apprécier les apports et les limites du modèle et de proposer au regard des limites repérées des propositions d'amélioration tant au plan théorique que méthodologique.

Towards Process Safety 4.0 in the Factory of the Future

Towards Process Safety 4.0 in the Factory of the Future
Author: André Laurent
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2023-07-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1394226365

The rapid development of new technologies in the industry of the future implies a major evolution in the industrial safety measures needed to be met, such as societal requirements. Towards Process Safety 4.0 in the Factory of the Future presents the concept of Safety 4.0 from the point of view of process safety, occupational safety and health, as well as systems’ cyber security. Numerous examples illustrate the different approaches of the identified methods and techniques of Safety 4.0. Their concepts, paradigms, structural bases, couplings, complexities and flaws are systematically analyzed. This comprehensive approach to Safety 4.0 is aimed at the wide variety of actors working in the industry of the future.

Modéliser les accidents et les catastrophes industrielles : la méthode STAMP

Modéliser les accidents et les catastrophes industrielles : la méthode STAMP
Author: HARDY Karim
Publisher: Lavoisier
Total Pages: 130
Release: 2012-11-07
Genre: Industrial safety
ISBN: 2743064773

Synthèse unique en langue française, Modéliser les accidents et les catastrophes industrielles : la méthode STAMP est le fruit d’un travail de recherche sur les modèles d’accident au sein des systèmes, qu’ils soient techniques et/ou sociaux. Cet ouvrage décrit les principales grandes théories, modèles et approches mobilisables pour comprendre, évaluer et mettre en place une démarche de prévention des accidents et de gestion des risques au sein de systèmes sociotechniques. Il présente ainsi tous les éléments nécessaires à la compréhension des modèles d’accident : définitions, objectifs, cadres théoriques et scientifiques, limites et développements, etc... L’ouvrage aborde l’accident selon une approche systémique, notamment selon la théorie générale des systèmes de Bertalanffy. Puis il propose une étude du modèle STAMP et de la technique d’analyse des dangers STPA à travers sa mise en application au sein d’un système socio-technique industriel de traitement de sédiments contaminés, en vue d’en évaluer la sécurité et d’en améliorer la performance. Clair et concis, il permet ainsi : de connaître les principaux modèles d’accident existants et de les comprendre ; d’appréhender la modélisation d’accident comme un outil essentiel de compréhension et d’analyse des interactions entre les différents éléments d’un système et donc de son comportement ; d’acquérir et d’approfondir ses connaissances sur le modèle d’accident STAMP ainsi que sur son application au sein de systèmes socio-techniques. Modéliser les accidents et les catastrophes industrielles : la méthode STAMP s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la sécurité souhaitant consolider leur connaissance des évaluations de la sécurité ou des enquêtes sur les accidents au sein des systèmes socio-techniques.

Safety Science Research

Safety Science Research
Author: Jean-Christophe Le Coze
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 326
Release: 2019-08-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351190229

Safety Science Research: Evolution, Challenges and New Directions provides a unique perspective into the latest developments of safety science by putting together, for the first time, a new generation of authors with some of the pioneers of the field. Forty years ago, research traditions were developed, including, among others, high-reliability organisations, cognitive system engineering or safety regulations. In a fast-changing world, the new generation introduces, in this book, new disciplinary insights, addresses contemporary empirical issues, develops new concepts and models while remaining critical of safety research practical ambitions. Their ideas are then reflected and discussed by some of the pioneers of safety science. Features Allows the reader to discover how contemporary safety issues are currently framed by a new generation of researchers, brought together for the first time Includes an introduction and guide to the development of safety science over the last four decades Features an extraordinary collection of expert contributors, including pioneers of safety research, reflecting the evolution of the discipline and offering insightful commentary on the current and future state of the field Serves as an invaluable reference and guide for safety professionals and students from any established disciplines such as sociology, engineering, psychology, political science or management as well as dedicated safety programmes Some figures in the eBook are in colour

Your Mindful Compass

Your Mindful Compass
Author: Andrea Maloney Schara
Publisher:
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2013-12-01
Genre: Families
ISBN: 9780615928791

"Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.

Complexity, Science and Society

Complexity, Science and Society
Author: Jan Bogg
Publisher: Radcliffe Publishing
Total Pages: 188
Release: 2007
Genre: Complexity (Philosophy)
ISBN: 184619203X

Complexity is a new interdisciplinary approach to science and society that challenges traditional academic divisions, frameworks and paradigms. This book helps the expert, student or policy practitioner have a better understanding of the enormous potential of complexity, and how it relates to their particular area of interest or expertise.

Organization at the Limit

Organization at the Limit
Author: William Starbuck
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 384
Release: 2009-02-09
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 140514260X

The book offers important insight relevant to Corporate, Governmentand Global organizations management in general. The internationallyrecognised authors tackle vital issues in decision making, howorganizational risk is managed, how can technological andorganizational complexities interact, what are the impediments foreffective learning and how large, medium, and small organizationscan, and in fact must, increase their resilience. Managers,organizational consultants, expert professionals, and trainingspecialists; particularly those in high risk organizations, mayfind the issues covered in the book relevant to their daily workand a potential catalyst for thought and action. A timely analysis of the Columbia disaster and theorganizational lessons that can be learned from it. Includes contributions from those involved in the InvestigationBoard report into the incident. Tackles vital issues such as the role of time pressures andgoal conflict in decision making, and the impediments for effectivelearning. Examines how organizational risk is managed and howtechnological and organizational complexities interact. Assesses how large, medium, and small organizations can, and infact must, increase their resilience. Questions our eagerness to embrace new technologies, yetreluctance to accept the risks of innovation. Offers a step by step understanding of the complex factors thatled to disaster.

Notes for a Romantic Encyclopaedia

Notes for a Romantic Encyclopaedia
Author: Novalis
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Total Pages: 322
Release: 2012-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0791480704

Novalis is best known in history as the poet of early German Romanticism. However, this translation of Das Allgemeine Brouillon, or "Universal Notebook," finally introduces him to the English-speaking world as an extraordinarily gifted philosopher in his own right and shatters the myth of him as a mere daydreaming and irrational poet. Composed of more than 1,100 notebook entries, this is easily Novalis's largest theoretical work and certainly one of the most remarkable and audacious undertakings of the "Golden Age" of German philosophy. In it, Novalis reflects on numerous aspects of human culture, including philosophy, poetry, the natural sciences, the fine arts, mathematics, mineralogy, history, and religion, and brings them all together into what he calls a "Romantic Encyclopaedia" or "Scientific Bible." Novalis's Romantic Encyclopaedia fully embodies the author's own personal brand of philosophy, "Magical Idealism." With meditations on mankind and nature, the possible future development of our faculties of reason, imagination, and the senses, and the unification of the different sciences, these notes contain a veritable treasure trove of richly poetic and philosophic thoughts.

The International Protection of Adults

The International Protection of Adults
Author: Richard Frimston
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9780198727255

Provides the only comprehensive analysis of the key issues in relation to mental capacity in 52 jurisdictions, delivered by renowned experts in the field. Contains full details of the practical issues involved in advising in cases involving Convention XXXV.