Contra Terror in Nicaragua

Contra Terror in Nicaragua
Author: Reed Brody
Publisher: South End Press
Total Pages: 220
Release: 1985
Genre: Counterrevolutions
ISBN: 9780896083127

Exposes the policies of torture, murder, and wanton violence employed by the forces Reagan described as the moral equivalents of our Founding Fathers.

Reagan's War on Terrorism in Nicaragua

Reagan's War on Terrorism in Nicaragua
Author: Philip W. Travis
Publisher: Lexington Books
Total Pages: 233
Release: 2016-11-09
Genre: History
ISBN: 1498537189

During the first two years of Ronald Reagan’s second term the United States developed an offensive strategy for dealing with conflict in the developing world. Nicaragua was a primary target of this policy. Scholars refer to this as the Reagan offensive: the first time that the United States eschewed the norms of containment and sought to “roll-back” the gains of communism. However, the Reagan offensive was also significantly driven by a response to the emergent threat of international terrorism. Terrorism provided a vehicle that justified its use of aggressive proxy war and pursuit of regime change in Central America. U.S. policy with Nicaragua demonstrates the importance of terrorism to the development of a more aggressive United States in the post-Cold War world. This book examines the influence of the U.S.-Contra War in establishing a precedent for the use of overt pre-emptive force against sovereign nations in the name of counterterrorism. In the 21st century, the United States undertook a policy with the world based on a broad definition of self-defense that called for an array of actions that often violated traditional norms of international law and recognition of sovereign rights. This book demonstrates that the precedent for this change occurred in the late Cold War as the United States sought to respond to an escalation of global terrorism. The emergent problem of terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s transformed how and when the United States applied force in the world.

Blood of the Innocent

Blood of the Innocent
Author: Teofilo Cabestrero
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Total Pages: 113
Release: 2020-04-07
Genre: Religion
ISBN: 172527177X

“From February 4 to 20, 1985, I listened to testimony of some sixty persons, civilians in the north of Nicaragua, who had been the victims of kidnappings, bloody ambushes, rapes, and other kinds of assault by the contras, or who had survived the slaughter of their families or civilian friends. “All of the accounts of the men and women I listened to, most of them poor, went straight into my note pad or my tape recorder and from there to these pages. I treated the words of these people with the sacred respect due the blood, death, grief, terror, desperation, and tears of the poor. The speakers are innocent, defenseless victims of a truly ‘dirty war.’ This chronicle is an attempt to gather up their innocent blood, their murdered or violated or shattered lives, their unknown tragedy. Innocence and blood have names - first names and last names, place names and the names of events. But they can be summoned up in a scream - a scream demanding that this war stop, that peace come to the land. “I was struck by the great detail with which the campesinos, who always spoke to me with grief and sometimes with terror and tears, remembered all these events, all the things that they themselves, their families, their cooperatives or their communities had suffered. They recalled everything with minute exactness, even when they were telling me things that had happened two or three years before. And they knew the importance of an exact account. They knew that this was history. A survivor of a massacre near Wiwili, a man whose whole being spoke of grief, told me, ‘You see, I’m alive to tell the tale so that the world will know.’” - From the Introduction

WITH CONTRAS

WITH CONTRAS
Author: Dickey
Publisher:
Total Pages: 342
Release: 1985
Genre: History
ISBN:

The first North American newspaperman to go into the Nicaraguan mountains with the Contras and come out alive recounts his experiences.

Sandinista Nicaragua's Resistance to US Coercion

Sandinista Nicaragua's Resistance to US Coercion
Author: Héctor Perla, Jr
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 265
Release: 2017-02-17
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1316578070

How was the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) of Nicaragua able to resist the Reagan Administration's coercive efforts to rollback their revolution? Héctor Perla challenges conventional understandings of this conflict by tracing the process through which Nicaraguans, both at home and in the diaspora, defeated US aggression in a highly unequal confrontation. He argues that beyond traditional diplomatic, military, and domestic state policies a crucial element of the FSLN's defensive strategy was the mobilization of a transnational social movement to build public opposition to Reagan's policy within the United States, thus preventing further escalation of the conflict. Using a contentious politics approach, the author reveals how the extant scholarly assumptions of international relations theory have obscured some of the most consequential dynamics of the case. This is a fascinating study illustrating how supposedly powerless actors were able to constrain the policies of the most powerful nation on earth.

Washington's War on Nicaragua

Washington's War on Nicaragua
Author: Holly Sklar
Publisher: South End Press
Total Pages: 484
Release: 1988
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780896082953

An account of U.S. policy from the Sandinista revolution through the Iran-contra scandal and beyond. Sklar shows how the White House sabotaged peace negoatiations and sustained the deadly contra war despite public opposition, with secret U.S. special forces and an auxiliary arm of dictators, drug smugglers and death squad godfathers, and illuminates an alternative policy rooted in law and democracy.

The Real Contra War

The Real Contra War
Author: Timothy Charles Brown
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Total Pages: 360
Release: 2001
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780806132525

The Contra War and the Iran-Contra affair that shook the Reagan presidency were center stage on the U.S. political scene for nearly a decade. According to most observers, the main Contra army, or the Fuerza Democrática Nicaragüense (FDN), was a mercenary force hired by the CIA to oppose the Sandinista socialist revolution. The Real Contra War demonstrates that in reality the vast majority of the FDN’s combatants were peasants who had the full support of a mass popular movement consisting of the tough, independent inhabitants of Nicaragua’s central highlands. The movement was merely the most recent instance of this peasantry’s one-thousand-year history of resistance to those they saw as would-be conquerors. The real Contra War struck root in 1979, even before the Sandinistas took power and, during the next two years, grew swiftly as a reaction both to revolutionary expropriations of small farms and to the physical abuse of all who resisted. Only in 1982 did an offer of American arms persuade these highlanders to forge an alliance with former Guardia anti-Sandinista exiles--those the outside world called Contras. Relying on original documents, interviews with veterans, and other primary sources, Brown contradicts conventional wisdom about the Contras, debunking most of what has been written about the movement’s leaders, origins, aims, and foreign support.

Blood on the Border

Blood on the Border
Author: Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2016-08-03
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0806156449

Human rights activist and historian Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz has been described as “a force of nature on the page and off.” That force is fully present in Blood on the Border, the third in her acclaimed series of memoirs. Seamlessly blending the personal and the political, Blood on the Border is Dunbar-Ortiz’s firsthand account of the decade-long dirty war pursued by the Contras and the United States against the people of Nicaragua. With the 1981 bombing of a Nicaraguan plane in Mexico City—a plane Dunbar-Ortiz herself would have been on if not for a delay—the US-backed Contras (short for los contrarrevolucionarios) launched a major offensive against Nicaragua’s Sandinista regime, which the Reagan administration labeled as communist. While her rich political analysis of the US-Nicaraguan relationship bears the mark of a trained historian, Dunbar-Ortiz also writes from her perspective as an intrepid activist who spent months at a time throughout the 1980s in the war-torn country, especially in the remote northeastern region, where the Indigenous Miskitu people were relentlessly assailed and nearly wiped out by CIA-trained Contra mercenaries. She makes painfully clear the connections between what many US Americans today remember only vaguely as the Iran-Contra “affair” and ongoing US aggression in the Americas, the Middle East, and around the world—connections made even more explicit in a new afterword written for this edition. A compelling, important, and sobering story on its own, Blood on the Border offers a deeply informed, closely observed, and heartfelt view of history in the making.