Due to the successful adoption of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in the Americas, international organizations and research institutions are now promoting the CA adoption in Africa. However, local constraints have influenced the uptake of CA in most of the African countries. Moreover the empirical evidence of CA adoption in Africa has not clearly shown whether CA practices are suitable for smallholder farmers in Africa. Therefore the aim of this research was to assess Conservation Agriculture as practiced in Western Kenya, addressing its physical and socio-economic constraints by comparing 25 CA adopters and 25 farmers who were not considered as adopters. A detailed agro-economic survey was held in order to gather all the information needed. Subsequently Olympe software was used to analyse the socio-economic characteristics of all households surveyed. Likewise, the ACED Method was applied to calculate soil erosion losses in both CA and NON-CA Plots. Results show that Conservation Agriculture reduces labour requirements, increases yields, improves soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. However, the analysis of the socio-economic constraints is related to a one year period, 2011. Hence these results must be mainly considered in the context of partial CA assessment with regard to certain climate conditions (wetter or drier seasons) and household needs (i.e. lack of income might discourage CA farmers to practice CA in that specific year). Even though CA as practiced in Bungoma district is seemingly suitable for smallholder farmers the heavy dependence on the amount of capital available to purchase chemicals and the current weather conditions suggest the need for an integral assessment of CA over a longer period of time.