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| Author | : Julia Nasev |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 129 |
| Release | : 2009-12-28 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : 3834984582 |
Julia Nasev examines the impact of conservative accounting numbers on valuation estimates and on real economic decisions such as cost stickiness.
| Author | : Sunil Dutta |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Using a financial reporting and valuation model, we investigate the construct validity of Basu's (1997) asymmetric timeliness (AT) regression coefficient as a measure of conditional conservatism in corporate financial reporting. We predict that the AT coefficient will be positive even in the absence of conditional conservatism and it will vary with non-accounting factors even if the degree of conditional conservatism is held constant. Our empirical analysis shows that AT coefficient estimates vary in directions predicted by our theory. Specifically, we find that AT coefficient estimates increase with expected returns and asymmetry in the distribution of returns, and decrease with cash flow persistence. Importantly, we identify the spread between the variances of bad news and good news accruals as an alternative measure of conditional conservatism that is free of the effects confounding the AT coefficient. Consistent with a key implication of conditional conservatism, we find that the variance of bad news accruals is significantly higher than the variance of good news accruals primarily due to conditionally conservative accruals related to inventory write-downs, long-term asset write-downs, and goodwill impairments. A series of placebo tests provides additional support for the construct validity of our alternative measure of conditional conservatism.
| Author | : Carlo D’Augusta |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 89 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 3031671457 |
| Author | : Giorgio Gotti |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 80 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Accounting standards mandate different, more conservative, rules for the recognition of unrealized gains than unrealized losses in reported earnings. Conditional conservatism, defined as asymmetric timeliness in the recognition of unrealized losses vs. gains in reported earnings has, since its origins, been a peculiar characteristic of the accounting system. Understanding conservatism's role, its determinants, and its variations across firms is important for interpreting the nature, purposes, and valuation implications of accounting. Basu (1995; 1997) proposed a model to detect accounting conditional conservatism and provided empirical evidence that bad news is recognized more quickly than good news in earnings for a sample over the period 1963-1991. Following his seminal work1, accounting literature adopted the Basu single-period model to measure conditional conservatism (Ball et al. 2000; Ball et al. 2005; Ball and Shivakumar 2005; Lobo and Zhou 2006). However, Basu's proxy for measuring the arrival of good/bad news, the price of the firm's stock, may be influenced, in part, by factors that will never be recorded in a firm's reported earnings. This introduces inaccuracy in the measure of conditional conservatism. To address the problems, I introduce a new measure of conditional conservatism, which results from a Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) piecewise regression and adopts the number of changes in financial analysts' EPS forecasts as a proxy for good/bad news. Then, I use this new measure to test the determinants, suggested by previous literature, of conditional conservatism in accounting. Results show that companies with (1) lower debt-to-assets ratio, (2) large proportion of executives' annual compensation independent of the firm's accounting performance, (3) one of the big 4/big 7 audit firms as auditor, and a auditor opinion qualified with a going concern assumption the previous year exhibit a greater timeliness in the recognition of bad news than good news in annual earnings.
| Author | : Giorgio Gotti |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Following Basu's (1995, 1997) seminal work, accounting literature adopted the Basu coefficient to measure conditional conservatism (among others, Ball et al. 2003; Ball et al. 2000; Ball et al. 2005; Ball and Shivakumar 2005; Lobo and Zhou 2006; Chandra et al. 2004). However, Basu's choice of proxy for measuring the arrival of good/bad news, stock returns, introduces inaccuracy in the measure of conditional conservatism (Dietrich et al. 2007; Roychowdhury and Watts 2007; Givoly et al. 2007). To address the problem, I introduce a new measure of conditional conservatism, which results from a Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) piecewise regression and adopts the number of changes in financial analysts' EPS forecasts as a proxy for good/bad news about future earnings and extends the analysis to two-year and three-year time horizons. I use this new measure to test three determinants that prior literature suggested to explain the presence of accounting conservatism. Results show that companies with high debt-to-assets ratio - closer to default on their debt covenants, with large portion of executives' compensation tied to the firm's performance, and in the year prior to a going concern opinion from their auditors report aggressively, recognizing future good news in annual earnings more quickly than bad news.
| Author | : Jumpei Nishitani |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper examines the relationship between two salient features embedded in the modern financial accounting information system: accrual reversal and accounting conservatism. This relationship is analyzed using a moral hazard model in a single-period setting and two types of two-period models: pooling and separating. When the effect of accrual reversal is considered in the long term, accounting conservatism as an information bias was found to be an optimal choice for the principal in a two-separating-period setting, particularly when business risk is high and/or the informativeness of the accounting information system is low; however, accounting conservatism could never be used as an information bias under a single-period or two-pooling-period settings, even with limited liability conditions. These findings indicate that accrual reversal could be considered a driving force for conditional accounting conservatism, but not for unconditional conservatism. Moreover, accrual reversal may provide an explanation for the seemingly contradictory behavior of accounting standard-setting bodies that introduced conditional conservatism, although expressing negative attitudes toward accounting conservatism.
| Author | : James Harris Bliss |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 880 |
| Release | : 1924 |
| Genre | : Accounting |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Juan Zhang |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2023 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
This paper investigates how accounting rule reform affects the usage of conditional conservatism in the property-liability (P&L) insurance industry. More specifically, whether the accounting rule changes that strengthen the internal control over financial reporting and improve the financial reporting transparency reduce insurers' incentives for conservatively reserving. The P&L insurance industry is a perfect setting for studying accruals and accounting conservatism because it has specific and detailed firm-year level data about loss accrual development. We develop a new method of assessing conditional conservatism, measuring it as the concavity of an insurer's loss development curve. We study the U.S. domiciled P&L insurance companies from 1995 to 2015. Using a diff-in-diff identification strategy, we find that the level of conditional conservatism is significantly reduced after the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) Section 404 and the Model Audit Rule (MAR), both of which increased board oversight of internal risk management. Our result indicates that complying with additional disclosure requirements reduces P&L insurers' incentives to use conditional conservatism to mitigate regulatory monitoring costs. With fewer reserves, insurers may become less resistant to unexpected or catastrophic losses and face greater insolvency risk. The paper's results also shed light on the question of which should be an appropriate measure of financial reporting quality given a goal of reducing bankruptcy risk: transparency and accuracy or conservatism.
| Author | : Timothy Bryan |
| Publisher | : Dissertation Discovery Company |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2019-08-07 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780530008417 |
Abstract: This paper empirically examines the relationship between conservatism and earnings management in chemical and allied products manufacturers via an analysis of the allowance for doubtful accounts and bad debt expense. Results indicate that the allowance for doubtful accounts is overstated and has become more overstated since 2004. In addition, results show that firms utilized the excessive conservatism to manage earnings to achieve earnings goals throughout the study period. An important overall inference from these results is that the traditional view of the allowance for doubtful accounts as unconditional conservatism is, in fact, conditional conservatism. Dissertation Discovery Company and Jacksonville University are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Accounting Conservatism or Earnings Management" by Timothy Gordon Bryan, was obtained from Jacksonville University and is being sold with permission from the author. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.
| Author | : Daniel W. Collins |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 48 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
We investigate the impact of conditional conservation on the ability of accruals and its components to predict future cash flows. We first demonstrate that conditional conservatism has increased over the period from 1988 to 2013 due to an increase in timely loss recognition and asymmetric timely loss recognition. We find that while conditional conservatism that is manifest in both special-item and non-special-item accruals has increased over time, the temporal increase in conservatism is primarily attributable to non-special-item accruals. Next, we show that the increase in timely loss recognition is associated with an increase in the ability of accrual components to predict future cash flows in periods of bad news, consistent with asymmetric timely loss recognition increasing the ability of accruals to predict future cash flows. These findings stand in contrast to the belief that conditional conservatism reduces the valuation role of GAAP earnings as some have claimed.
