Barriers to Competition

Barriers to Competition
Author: Ana Rosado Cubero
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 240
Release: 2015-09-30
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1317315979

Focuses on the different methods that economic science has employed in order to detect and measure barriers to entry. This book presents a chronological analysis of competing Harvard and Chicago Schools' interpretations of this phenomenon.

X-Efficiency Evolution

X-Efficiency Evolution
Author: Nathanael Smith
Publisher:
Total Pages: 32
Release: 2009
Genre:
ISBN:

While mainstream economics assumes that firms are always on the production frontier, there is an evolutionary interpretation of competition according to which firms have different degrees of what Leibenstein (1964) called quot;X-efficiency,quot; and competition selects for higher X-efficiency. This concept of competition is implemented in an quot;agent-based simulation.quot; Firms producing a generic consumption good are endowed with X-efficiencies, which undergo mutation. Even when mutations are mostly negative, selection effects can make productivity rise over time. There is no logical limit to the increase in productivity due to quot;X-efficiency evolution,quot; which is thus a potential explanation of long-run productivity (or quot;TFPquot;) growth.

Competition, Diversity and Economic Performance

Competition, Diversity and Economic Performance
Author: C. A. Tisdell
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2013-02-01
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1781002398

'Ecological and economic systems share some fundamental characteristics that Clem Tisdell has beautifully illuminated. He has given us a much better handle on the roles of competition, diversity, evolution and sustainability in complex, interdependent ecological and economic systems. Our ability to build a sustainable and desirable future fundamentally depends on this integrated understanding.' – Robert Costanza, Portland State University, US This thought-provoking book explores the influences of market competition and diverse behaviours of economic agents on economic performance, particularly dynamic economic performance. Clem Tisdell illustrates – within evolutionary, dynamic and static contexts – how diversity can improve or impede economic performance. He addresses the fact the role of diversity in improving economic performance has been neglected by economic theorists by making economic diversity a focal point of economic analysis. In particular, special attention is given to the value of economic diversity and economic imperfections in improving the performance of economic processes in particular identified situations. Limitations of using market-like mechanisms for managing public bodies and business firms are discussed and the value of business cooperation (economic mutualism) as a means for improving economic performance is examined. It is also observed that as economies develop, different forms of economic competition and business cooperation evolve. Challenging yet accessible, this book will prove a stimulating read for academics and students in the fields of economics, industrial organization and business and management.

Multi-product Firms, Import Competition, and the Evolution of Firm-product Technical Efficiencies

Multi-product Firms, Import Competition, and the Evolution of Firm-product Technical Efficiencies
Author: Emmanuel Dhyne
Publisher:
Total Pages: 41
Release: 2017
Genre: Competition
ISBN:

We study how increased import competition affects the evolution of firm-product technical efficiencies in the small open economy of Belgium. We observe quarterly firm-product data at the 8-digit level on quantities sold and firm-level labor, capital, and intermediate inputs from 1997 to 2007, a period marked by stark declines in tariffs applied to Chinese goods. Using Diewert (1973) and Lau (1976) we show how to estimate firm-product quarterly technical efficiencies using a multi-product production (MPP) function that avoids using single-product (SP) production function approximations to it. We find that a 0.01 increase in the import share leads to a 1.05% gain in technical efficiency. This elasticity translates into gains from competition over the sample period exceeding 1.2 billion euros, which is over 2.5% of the average annual value of manufacturing output in Belgium. Firms appear to be less technically efficient at producing goods the further they get from their "core" good and firms respond to competition by focusing more on their core products. Instrumenting import share -- while not important for the signs of the coefficients -- is very important for the magnitudes as the effect of competition increases tenfold when one moves from OLS to IV. We close by testing the SP approximation to MPP and reject in eight of twelve industries

Competition, Cooperation, Efficiency, and Social Organization

Competition, Cooperation, Efficiency, and Social Organization
Author: Antonio Jorge
Publisher: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
Total Pages: 104
Release: 1978
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

Deals with competition and cooperation as antithetical approaches to human interaction in the social field. This innovative study advocates a new and difference perspective on the joined disciplines of history, economic theory, and the social sciences.

Competition Policy

Competition Policy
Author: Manfred Neumann
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2001
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

Neumann (economics, U. Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany) examines the history of competition policy in the US and Europe to demonstrate how far a convergence of principles has developed. He then outlines the theory of industrial organization as a tool to devise an appropriate policy. Neumann also discusses the practice of competition policy in the US, individual European countries, and the EC as a whole, in terms of collusion, mergers, and vertical restraints. The final section places competition policy within the social framework, treating such issues as property rights, international trade policy, and social justice. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR

On Evolution by Competition. the Law of Life Knowledge and the Universe

On Evolution by Competition. the Law of Life Knowledge and the Universe
Author: Ray Harvey
Publisher:
Total Pages: 394
Release: 2018-11-22
Genre:
ISBN: 9781790193271

This has got to be one of the best books, if not the best book, I have ever read of how to make sense of the word.To know what is the meaning of life.The world went from flat to round with new thinking. Evolution by Competition is a book written in the same vein. It changes how we should think of the world and our personal lives in it, making utter sense of it.Harvey makes life simple to understand, showing a continuum of competition that flows like a river, from the beginning of the universe up to the present time. Harvey maintains competition did not evolve from life, but life evolved from competition, as competitive interaction of forces from energy is a fundamental of the Universe.He argues Evolutionary desires for destructive domination using old guard political and religious dogma, need to be re thought with new age reasoning and thinking, considering we have over 14,000 nuclear weapons stock piled around the world.To do this he brings together many ideas, new and old, to demystify life, in simple understandable language for our modern reasoned free thinking interconnected world. Goodbye old dogma bullies, hello free thinking, freedom loving, new age people are his hope. Harvey asserts competition is a double-edged sword in what Charles Darwin termed the 'war of nature'. It can be positive or negative, causing healthy competition or destructive competition, love and fight, war and peace.That even good and bad, harmony and fairness evolved because they helped strengthen 'together stronger', all important weapon's for human's survival in the 'war of nature'.That even ideas and knowledge have to be 'comparatively competitive'.He follows on from Charles Darwin's 'natural selection' by using the term 'intelligent selection' for humans' ability to select ideas and knowledge that cause our modern world to flourish.There are lots of quotes and URL clickable videos and references to people such as Socrates, Darwin, Henley, Krauss, Ferreiro, Einstein, Dawkins, Cox, Sagan, Attenborough, Baggott, Lewison, Pinker, Carrier, Fondalis, Kipling, Polz, Igoshin and many others including of course, Freddi Mercury. Harvey postulates a Ten Commendments of 'Evolution by Competition'. He attests why the separation of the church from the state in 1648 was such a positive turning point for humanity. The author contends our ancestors were not just Hunters and Gathers, but Hunters, Gatherers and Fighters and the 'war of nature' was much more. It was a 'guerrilla war of nature' and it's been ongoing since our ancestors were at least microbes! Find out about the fossils, bones and artefacts the author found as an opal miner, investigator and farmer and how these experiences and others, helped free his mind from the confusion of a biased religious upbringing. Find out about why the author considers an Evolutionist a better term to use than Atheist. See if you agree?There is some discussion about pre-modern lives and how violent they were compared to today. With some stories on murderers, cannibals and sacrifice thrown in for comparison!There is much more.'Evolution by Competition' is a simple, easy to follow concept, using everyday words, that joins the dots of life, knowledge and the Universe into one clear picture, as nothing else I have ever read. See how wrong or right you think he is?It is well researched, strongly argued and makes common sense. I hope you enjoy the journey as much as I did.'Every so often something amazing comes along'Sane Publications

What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition?

What is the Impact of Increased Business Competition?
Author: Sónia Félix
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 57
Release: 2019-12-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1513521519

This paper studies the macroeconomic effect and underlying firm-level transmission channels of a reduction in business entry costs. We provide novel evidence on the response of firms' entry, exit, and employment decisions. To do so, we use as a natural experiment a reform in Portugal that reduced entry time and costs. Using the staggered implementation of the policy across the Portuguese municipalities, we find that the reform increased local entry and employment by, respectively, 25% and 4.8% per year in its first four years of implementation. Moreover, around 60% of the increase in employment came from incumbent firms expanding their size, with most of the rise occurring among the most productive firms. Standard models of firm dynamics, which assume a constant elasticity of substitution, are inconsistent with the expansionary and heterogeneous response across incumbent firms. We show that in a model with heterogeneous firms and variable markups the most productive firms face a lower demand elasticity and expand their employment in response to increased entry.

Efficiency, Stability, and Equity

Efficiency, Stability, and Equity
Author: Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 222
Release: 1987
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780198286301

Offering a comprehensive model for the evolution of the European Community's monetary system and budget, this study outlines and discusses recent political decisions made by the Community and their implications for its future.