Comparison Of Near Surface And Column Integrated Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Properties
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| Author | : Rudra P Aryal |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Optical and chemical properties of size-resolved aerosols in near-surface air at Tudor Hill, Bermuda were measured between July 2006 and June 2009. Vertical distributions of aerosol backscattering and column-averaged aerosol optical properties were characterized with a Micro-pulse lidar (MPL) and a CIMEL automated sun-sky radiometer. The chemical species in size-segregated aerosols in marine air were compared with the surface level aerosol optical properties. The aerosol concentration, along with chemical components, was compared with the surface level wind speed and showed a significant correlation with the sea salt components. The non-sea salt components such as non-sea salt sulfate and ammonium did not show a correlation with the surface level wind speed. A comparison between scattering data at surface level with the extinction coefficient at the lowest altitude bin (75m) from the lidar inversion shows a consistent correlation but is quantitatively different. This quantitative discrepancy was explained based on the hygroscopic growth due to differences in relative humidity in measurement conditions. Aerosol optical properties measured near the surface were often significantly correlated with those averaged over the column. These include scattering by near-surface bulk aerosol at 530 nm versus column aerosol optical depth (AOD), near-surface sub-[mu]m scattering fraction versus column averaged sub-[mu]m scattering fraction, and the average angstrom exponent over column and lidar ratio derived using column integrated size distribution and complex refractive index. We also found that the single scattering albedo ([omega]o) measured at the surface by combining daily averages of the aerosol absorption and aerosol light scattering were in the same range as the instantaneous [omega]o retrieved for the column. The relative contribution of submicron aerosol light scattering to total aerosol light scattering is slightly higher in the column relative to the surface. Surface level wind speed was found to have a more important affect on bulk aerosol light scattering at the surface than in column.
| Author | : Alexander A. Kokhanovsky |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 154 |
| Release | : 2008-03-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540499091 |
This new text offers experienced students a comprehensive review of available techniques for the remote sensing of aerosols. These small particles influence both atmospheric visibility and the thermodynamics of the atmosphere. They are also of great importance in any consideration of climate change problems. Aerosols may also be responsible for the loss of harvests, human health problems and ecological disasters. Thus, this detailed study of aerosol properties on a global scale could not be more timely.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 348 |
| Release | : 1976 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 26 |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP), conducted from June 2012 through June 2013, was a unique study designed to provide a comprehensive data set that can be used to investigate a number of important climate science questions, including those related to aerosol mixing state and aerosol radiative forcing. The study was designed to sample the atmosphere between and within two atmospheric columns; one fixed near the coast of North America (over Cape Cod, MA) and a second moveable column over the Atlantic Ocean several hundred kilometers from the coast. The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Mobile Facility (AMF) was deployed at the base of the Cape Cod column, and the ARM Aerial Facility was utilized for the summer and winter intensive observation periods. One important finding from TCAP is that four of six nearly cloud-free flight days had aerosol layers aloft in both the Cape Cod and maritime columns that were detected using the nadir pointing second-generation NASA high-spectral resolution lidar (HSRL-2). In addition, these layers contributed up to 60% of the total observed aerosol optical depth (AOD). Many of these layers were also intercepted by the aircraft configured for in situ sampling, and the aerosol in the layers was found to have increased amounts of biomass burning material and nitrate compared to aerosol found near the surface. Lastly, while there was a great deal of spatial and day-to-day variability in the aerosol chemical composition and optical properties, no systematic differences between the two columns were observed.
| Author | : K. N. Liou |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 599 |
| Release | : 2002-04-29 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 0124514510 |
Fundamentals of radiation for atmospheric applications -- Solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere -- Absorption and scattering of solar radiation in the atmosphere -- Thermal infrared radiation transfer in the atmosphere -- Light scattering by atmospheric particulates -- Principles of radiative transfer in planetary atmospheres -- Application of radiative transfer principles to remote sensing -- Radiation and climate.
| Author | : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 180 |
| Release | : 1996-05-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309588871 |
This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.
| Author | : R. A. McClatchey |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 124 |
| Release | : 1972 |
| Genre | : Absorption spectra |
| ISBN | : |
A series of tables and charts is presented from which the atmospheric transmittance between any two points in the terrestrial atmosphere can be determined. This material is based on a set of five atmospheric models ranging from tropical to arctic and two aerosol models. A selected set of laser frequencies has been defined for which monochromatic transmittance values have been given. For low resolution transmittance predcition, a series of charts has been drawn providing the capability for predicting transmittance at a resolution of 20 wave-numbers. Separate sections are included on scattered solar radiation, infrared emission, refractive effects, and attenuation by cloud and fog. This third edition differs from the others in that the low resolution spectral curves for the uniformly mixed gases and in the short wavelength region for water vapor have been revised, providing some overall improvement in accuracy; and more importantly, an appendix has been added providing model data and equivalent sea level path data for the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962.
| Author | : R. A. McClatchey |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 108 |
| Release | : 1971 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric models |
| ISBN | : |
A series of tables and charts is presented from which the atmospheric transmittance between any two points in the terrestrial atmosphere can be determined. This material is based on a set of five atmospheric models ranging from tropical to arctic and two aerosol models. A selected set of laser frequencies has been defined for which monochromatic transmittance values have been given. For low resolution transmittance prediction, a series of charts has been drawn providing the capability for predicting transmittance at a resolution of 20 wavenumbers. Separate sections are included on scattered solar radiation, infrared emission, refractive effects, and attenuation by cloud and fog.
| Author | : Jacqueline Lenoble |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 423 |
| Release | : 2013-02-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3642177255 |
This book gives a much needed explanation of the basic physical principles of radiative transfer and remote sensing, and presents all the instruments and retrieval algorithms in a homogenous manner. The editors provide, for the first time, an easy path from theory to practical algorithms in one easily accessible volume, making the connection between theoretical radiative transfer and individual practical solutions to retrieve aerosol information from remote sensing, and providing the specifics and intercomparison of all current and historical retrieval methods.
| Author | : R. J. Charlson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 460 |
| Release | : 1995-08-24 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : |
Global climate change as a consequence of anthropogenic changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere poses scientific questions of a nature and interdisciplinary scope that are unprecedented. Uncertainties in the climate forecast are large and thus far have hampered the establishment of a clear world plan for preventing or mitigating against unacceptable effects. The forecast of global and regional climate changes depends upon the development of a sound understanding of the factors that change the global heat balance and thus influence the climate. Changes in heat balance due to anthropogenic or externally imposed changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere are referred to as forcings. While the uncertainties in the global mean greenhouse-gas forcing are not negligible (??? 15%), uncertainties in forcings by changes in the atmospheric aerosol and in clouds are much larger, and in some cases even include uncertainty in the sign of the forcing. Reductionist science, with its compartmentalized disciplines, has not coped effectively with the scientific problems of aerosols and their effects, largely because of a need for simultaneous consideration of chemical processes, chemical properties, physical properties, and a wide variety of physical processes and consequences. In the case of natural aerosols and their effects on clouds, it is even necessary to include studies of microbiology and of biochemistry. This volume ? the record of intense, interdisciplinary debate between atmospheric chemists, meteorologists, physicists, and biogeochemists - considers the subset of climate forcings due to atmospheric aerosols, with particular emphasis on integrating the necessary disciplinary components. It is truly unique in its interdisciplinary approach. The information contained in the overview papers and summary reports will be of interest to policymakers and scientists alike. Goal of this Dahlem Workshop to assess the controlling factors, geographic and temporal variations of the radiative properties of atmospheric aerosols, and to examine the extent to which their forcing through direct and indirect effects counteracts greenhouse-gas forcing on regional and global climate.
