Comparative Analysis Of The Vrf System And Conventional Hvac Systems Focused On Life Cycle Cost
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| Author | : Jaesuk Park |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2013 |
| Genre | : Life cycle costing |
| ISBN | : |
As concern for the environment has been dramatically raised over the recent decade, all fields have increased their efforts to reduce impact on environment. The field of construction has responded and started to develop the building performance strategies as well as regulations to reduce the impact on the environment. HVAC systems are obviously one of the key factors of building energy consumption. This study investigates the system performance and economic value of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems relative to conventional HVAC systems by comparing life-cycle cost of VRF systems to that of conventional HVAC systems. VRF systems consist mainly of one outdoor unit and several indoor units. The outdoor unit provides all indoor units with cooled or heated refrigerant; with these refrigerants, each indoor unit serves one zone, delivering either heating or cooling. Due to its special configuration, the VRF system can cool some zones and heat other zones simultaneously. This comparative analysis covers six building types--medium office, standalone retail, primary school, hotel, hospital, and apartment--in a eleven climate zones--1A Miami, 2A Houston, 2B Phoenix, 3A Atlanta, 3B Las Vegas, 3C San Francisco, 4A Baltimore, 4B Albuquerque, 4C Seattle, 5A Chicago, and 5B Boulder. Energy simulations conducted by EnergyPlus are done for each building type in each climate zone. Base cases for each simulation are the reference models that U.S. Department of Energy has developed, whereas the alternative case is the same building in the same location with a VRF system. The life-cycle cost analysis provides Net Savings, Saving to- Investment ratio, and payback years. The major findings are that the VRF system has an average of thirty-nine percent HVAC energy consumption savings. As for the results of the life-cycle cost analysis, the average of simple payback period is twelve years.
| Author | : G F Hundy |
| Publisher | : Butterworth-Heinemann |
| Total Pages | : 512 |
| Release | : 2016-03-07 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0081006667 |
Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps, Fifth Edition, provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practice of refrigeration. Clear and comprehensive, it is suitable for both trainee and professional HVAC engineers, with a straightforward approach that also helps inexperienced readers gain a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of the technology. With its concise style and broad scope, the book covers most of the equipment and applications professionals will encounter. The simplicity of the descriptions helps users understand, specify, commission, use, and maintain these systems. It is a must-have text for anyone who needs thorough, foundational information on refrigeration and air conditioning, but without textbook pedagogy. It includes detailed technicalities or product-specific information. New material to this edition includes the latest developments in refrigerants and lubricants, together with updated information on compressors, heat exchangers, liquid chillers, electronic expansion valves, controls, and cold storage. In addition, efficiency, environmental impact, split systems, retail refrigeration (supermarket systems and cold rooms), industrial systems, fans, air infiltration, and noise are also included. Full theoretical and practical treatment of current issues and trends in refrigeration and air conditioning technology Meets the needs of industry practitioners and system designers who need a rigorous, but accessible reference to the latest developments in refrigeration and AC that is supported by coverage at a level not found in typical course textbooks New edition features updated content on refrigerants, microchannel technology, noise, condensers, data centers, and electronic control
| Author | : Sandeep Dhameja |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 243 |
| Release | : 2001-10-30 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080488765 |
Electric Vehicle Battery Systems provides operational theory and design guidance for engineers and technicians working to design and develop efficient electric vehicle (EV) power sources. As Zero Emission Vehicles become a requirement in more areas of the world, the technology required to design and maintain their complex battery systems is needed not only by the vehicle designers, but by those who will provide recharging and maintenance services, as well as utility infrastructure providers. Includes fuel cell and hybrid vehicle applications.Written with cost and efficiency foremost in mind, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems offers essential details on failure mode analysis of VRLA, NiMH battery systems, the fast-charging of electric vehicle battery systems based on Pb-acid, NiMH, Li-ion technologies, and much more. Key coverage includes issues that can affect electric vehicle performance, such as total battery capacity, battery charging and discharging, and battery temperature constraints. The author also explores electric vehicle performance, battery testing (15 core performance tests provided), lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells and hybrid vehicles. In order to make a practical electric vehicle, a thorough understanding of the operation of a set of batteries in a pack is necessary. Expertly written and researched, Electric Vehicle Battery Systems will prove invaluable to automotive engineers, electronics and integrated circuit design engineers, and anyone whose interests involve electric vehicles and battery systems. * Addresses cost and efficiency as key elements in the design process* Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies* Provides comprehensive coverage of the theory, operation, and configuration of complex battery systems, including Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion technologies
| Author | : Roger Legg |
| Publisher | : Butterworth-Heinemann |
| Total Pages | : 442 |
| Release | : 2017-06-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0081020910 |
Air Conditioning System Design summarizes essential theory and then explains how the latest air conditioning technology operates. Load calculations, energy efficiency, and selection of technology are all explained in the context of air conditioning as a system, helping the reader fully consider the implications of design decisions. Whether users need to figure out how to apply their mechanical engineering degree to an air conditioning design task or simply want to find out more about air conditioning technology for a research project, this book provides a perfect guide. Approaches air conditioning as a system, not just a collection of machines Covers the essential theory on fluid flow and the latest in A/C technology in a very readable and easy-to-use style Explains the significance of factors, such as climate and thermal comfort as A/C design considerations Addresses design using a range of air conditioning technologies, such as evaporative cooling, VRF systems, psychromatic software, and dessicant dehumidification
| Author | : American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers |
| Publisher | : Amer Society of Heating |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781933742342 |
| Author | : Carrier Corporation. Carrier Air Conditioning Company |
| Publisher | : McGraw-Hill Companies |
| Total Pages | : 826 |
| Release | : 1965 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : RS Khurmi | JK Gupta |
| Publisher | : S. Chand Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 682 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 8121927811 |
The Multicolr Edition Has Been thoroughly revised and brought up-to-date.Multicolor pictures have been added to enhance the content value and to give the students and idea of what he will be dealing in relity,and to bridge the gap between theory and Practice.
| Author | : Rajeev Singh |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 289 |
| Release | : 2019-11-14 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0429751818 |
As global populations continue to increase, the application of biotechnological processes for disposal and control of waste has gained importance in recent years. Advances in Waste-to-Energy Technologies presents the latest developments in the areas of solid waste management, Waste-to-Energy (WTE) technologies, biotechnological approaches, and their global challenges. It combines biotechnological procedures, sophisticated modeling, and techno-economic analysis of waste, and examines the current need for the maximum recovery of energy from wastes as well as the associated biotechnological and environmental impacts. Features: Presents numerous waste management practices and methods to recover resources from waste using the best biotechnological approaches available. Addresses the challenges, management, and policy issues of waste management and WTE initiatives. Includes practical case studies from around the world. Serves as a useful resource for professionals and students involved in cross-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary research programs and related courses. Discusses the economic and regulatory contexts for managing waste. This book will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, academicians, municipal authorities, government bodies, waste managers, building engineers, and environmental consultants requiring an understanding of waste management and the latest WTE technologies.
| Author | : Andrew Thorne |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 38 |
| Release | : 2006 |
| Genre | : Architecture |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : John Siegenthaler |
| Publisher | : Cengage Learning |
| Total Pages | : 640 |
| Release | : 2012-07-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9781428335158 |
From simple applications to multi-load / multi-temperature systems, learn how to use the newest and most appropriate hydronic heating methods and hardware to create system the deliver the ultimate in heating comfort, reliability, and energy efficiency. Heavily illustrated with product and installation photos, and hundreds of detailed full-color schematics, MODERN HYDRONIC HEATING, 3rd EDITION is a one-of-a-kind comprehensive reference on hydronic heating for the present and future. It transforms engineering-level design information into practical tools that can be used by technical students and heating professional alike. This revised edition features the latest design and installation techniques for residential and light commercial hydronic systems including use of renewable energy heat sources, hydraulic separation, smart circulators, distribution efficiency, thermal accumulators, mixing methods, heat metering, and web-enabled control methods. Everyone involved in the heating trade will benefit from this preeminent resource of the North American heating industry. It is well-suited for use in a formal education course, self-study, or as an on the job reference. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.
