Comparative Analysis Of Current Nasa Human Mars Mission Architectures
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Assessment of NASA's Mars Architecture 2007-2016
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 62 |
| Release | : 2006-09-21 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0309102731 |
The United States and the former Soviet Union have sent spacecraft to mars as early as 1966, with Mars' exploration being priority for NASA spacecraft. Both sides, however, have failed as well as succeed. The inability to determine if life exists on Mars is considered one of NASA's failures and undercut political support for additional Mars missions in the U.S. until the launch of the Mars Observer in 1992. Thus, the exploration of life on Mars continues, but with a new approach. Assessment of NASA's Mars Architecture, 2007-2016 is an assessment by the Committee to Review the Next Decade Mars Architecture of the National Research Council (NRC) conducted by request of Dr. Mary Cleave, NASA's Associate Administrator for the Science Mission Directorate. The Committee addresses the following questions: Is the Mars architecture reflective of the strategies, priorities, and guidelines put forward by the National Research Council's solar system exploration decadal survey and related science strategies and NASA plans?, Does the revised Mars architecture address the goals of NASA's Mars Exploration Program and optimize the science return, given the current fiscal posture of the program?, and Does the Mars architecture represent a reasonably balanced mission portfolio? After several months of study, consideration and incorporation of the guidance from NRC studies, especially New Frontiers in the Solar System, and the Vision for Space Exploration; community consultations via individual inputs; and a MEPAG-sponsored working group, a plan was created. This report includes the plan, which has an Astrobiology Field Laboratory or two Mild Rovers mission planned for 2016, recommendations from the committee, NRC guidelines for mars exploration, and more.
Human Exploration of Mars
| Author | : Stephen J. Hoffman |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 240 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Mars (Planet) |
| ISBN | : |
Personnel representing several NASA field centers have formulated a "Reference Mission" addressing human exploration of Mars. Summarizes their work and describes a plan for the first human missions to Mars, using approaches that are technically feasible, have reasonable risks, and have relatively low costs. The architecture for the Mars Reference Mission builds on previous work of the Synthesis Group (1991) and Zubrin's (1991) concepts for the use of propellants derived from the Martian Atmosphere. In defining the Reference Mission, choices have been made. The rationale for each choice is documented; however, unanticipated technology advances or political decisions might change the choices in the future.
Human Health and Performance Risks of Space Exploration Missions
| Author | : Jancy C. McPhee |
| Publisher | : U. S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration |
| Total Pages | : 396 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Biography & Autobiography |
| ISBN | : |
NASA's Journey to Mars: Pioneering Next Steps in Space Exploration
| Author | : National Aeronautics and Space Administration |
| Publisher | : Government Printing Office |
| Total Pages | : 36 |
| Release | : 2016-02-05 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : |
This document communicates NASA’s strategy and progress to learn about the Red Planet, to inform us more about our Earth’s past and future, and may help answer whether life exists beyond our home planet. Together with NASA’s partners in academia and commercial enterprises, NASA’s vision is to pioneer Mars and answer some of humanity’s fundamental questions: • Was Mars home to microbial life? Is it today? • Could it be a safe home for humans one day? • What can it teach us about life elsewhere in the cosmos or how life began on Earth? • What can it teach us about Earth’s past, present, and future?
Martian Outpost
| Author | : Erik Seedhouse |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 321 |
| Release | : 2010-04-11 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0387981918 |
Mars Outpost provides a detailed insight into the various technologies, mission architectures, medical requirements, and training needed to send humans to Mars. It focuses on mission objectives and benefits, and the risks and complexities that are compounded when linked to an overall planet exploration program involving several expeditions and setting up a permanent presence on the surface. The first section provides the background to sending a human mission to Mars. Analogies are made with early polar exploration and the expeditions of Shackleton, Amundsen, and Mawson. The interplanetary plans of the European Space Agency, NASA, and Russia are examined, including the possibility of one or more nations joining forces to send humans to Mars. Current mission architectures, such as NASA’s Constellation, ESA’s Aurora, and Ross Tierney’s DIRECT, are described and evaluated. The next section looks at how humans will get to the Red Planet, beginning with the preparation of the crew. The author examines the various analogues to understand the problems Mars-bound astronauts will face. Additional chapters describe the transportation hardware necessary to launch 4-6 astronauts on an interplanetary trajectory to Mars, including the cutting edge engineering and design of life support systems required to protect crews for more than a year from the lethal radiation encountered in deep space. NASA’s current plan is to use standard chemical propulsion technology, but eventually Mars crews will take advantage of advanced propulsion concepts, such as the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket, ion drives and nuclear propulsion. The interplanetary options for reaching Mars, as well as the major propulsive maneuvers required and the trajectories and energy requirements for manned and unmanned payloads, are reviewed . Another chapter addresses the daunting medical problems and available countermeasures for humans embarking on a mission to Mars: the insidious effects of radiation on the human body and the deleterious consequences of bone and muscle deconditioning. Crew selection will be considered, bearing in mind the strong possibility that they may not be able to return to Earth. Still another chapter describes the guidance, navigation, and control system architecture, as well as the lander design requirements and crew tasks and responsibilities required to touch down on the Red Planet. Section 3 looks at the surface mission architectures. Seedhouse describes such problems as radiation, extreme temperatures, and construction challenges that will be encountered by colonists. He examines proposed concepts for transporting cargo and astronauts long distances across the Martian surface using magnetic levitation systems, permanent rail systems, and flying vehicles. In the penultimate chapter of the book, the author explains an adaptable and mobile exploration architecture that will enable long-term human exploration of Mars, perhaps making it the next space-based tourist location.
Human Missions to Mars: Comprehensive Collection of NASA Plans, Proposals, Ongoing Research on Manned Mars Exploration, Robotic Precursors, Science Goals, Design Reference Mission - Part 1 Of 2
| Author | : World Spaceflight News |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 498 |
| Release | : 2017-09-08 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781549705939 |
Sixteen landmark papers, studies, reports, and proposals from 1968 through September 2012 trace the evolution of NASA-related concepts for the human exploration of Mars. Manned missions to the red planet have been rejected by some presidents (Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Clinton) and endorsed by others (Bush 41, Bush 43, and Obama). In the past five decades, planners and scientists have drawn up plans that attempt to overcome serious obstacles to these missions, which - as the saying goes - always seem to be decades away. This unique compilation provides a superb overview of manned Mars flight planning. The paperback version is divided into two parts because of its large size.The compilation, arranged in chronological order, begins with the first volume of the 1968 Boeing "manned interplanetary spacecraft" study and von Braun's 1969 Space Task Group presentation. The 1986 Working Group Summary Report contains the Shuttle-era ideas presented at an LANL/Marshall meeting. In 1989, President George H. W. Bush unveiled the Space Exploration Initiative; our compilation includes the incisive book about the failure of the SEI, Mars Wars, as well as the infamous NASA 90-day study report. Our next reports come from 2005 and 2008, with planning group analysis of scientific exploration goals of human missions.From 2009, we have the latest NASA Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0, along with an alternative austere mission concept, both using elements of the Constellation program.There are seven reports and documents from 2012, including the newly released and influential Mars Program Planning Group report on robotic and manned missions; papers on human exploration and precursors, strategic knowledge gaps for solar system exploration, two NASA headquarters documents outlining potential manned exploration missions under the latest Obama administration plan, and testimony in September 2012 before House and Senate space committees on exploration goals, the Space Launch System rocket, and the Orion crew capsule.Contents: PART ONE - Chapter 1 - 1968 - Boeing Integrated Manned Interplanetary Spacecraft Concept Definition * Chapter 2 - 1969 - Manned Mars Landing Presentation To The Space Task Group * Chapter 3 - 1986 - Manned Mars Missions Working Group Summary Report * Chapter 4 - 1989 - Mars Wars * Chapter 5 - 2005 - Mars Human Precursor Science Steering Group * Chapter 6 - 2005 - Analysis of the Precursor Measurements of Mars Needed to Reduce the Risk of the First Human Mission to Mars * PART TWO - Chapter 7 - 2008 - Planning for the Scientific Exploration of Mars by Humans by the MEPAG Human Exploration of Mars Science Analysis Group * Chapter 8 - 2009 - Austere Human Missions to Mars * Chapter 9 - 2009 - Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0 * Chapter 10 - 2012 - Human Exploration and Precursors * Chapter 11 - 2012 - NASA Exploration Destinations, Goals, and International Collaboration * Chapter 12 - 2012 - Mars Program Planning Group September 2012 Report * Chapter 13 - 2012 - Strategic Knowledge Gaps: Planning for Safe, Effective, and Efficient Human Exploration of the Solar System * Chapter 14 - 2012 - Analysis of Strategic Knowledge Gaps Associated with Potential Human Missions to the Martian System * Chapter 15 - 2012 - Voyages: Charting the Course for Sustainable Human Space Exploration * Chapter 16 - 2012 - Senate and House Hearings on Exploration Goals, SLS, and Orion
Humans to Mars
| Author | : David S. F. Portree |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 164 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : Space flight to Mars |
| ISBN | : |
Human Missions to Mars
| Author | : Donald Rapp |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 650 |
| Release | : 2023-01-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3031207262 |
In this book, Donald Rapp looks at human missions to Mars from a technological perspective. He divides the mission into a number of stages: Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit (LEO); departing from LEO toward Mars; Mars orbit insertion and entry, descent and landing; ascent from Mars; trans-Earth injection from Mars orbit and Earth return. A mission to send humans to explore the surface of Mars has been the ultimate goal of planetary exploration since the 1950s, when von Braun conjectured a flotilla of 10 interplanetary vessels carrying a crew of at least 70 humans. Since then, more than 1,000 studies were carried out. This third edition provides extensive updating and additions to the last edition, including new sections, and many new figures and tables, and references.
Human Missions to Mars: Comprehensive Collection of NASA Plans, Proposals, Ongoing Research on Manned Mars Exploration, Robotic Precursors, Science Goals, Design Reference Mission - Part 2 Of 2
| Author | : World Spaceflight News |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 422 |
| Release | : 2017-09-08 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9781549705991 |
Sixteen landmark papers, studies, reports, and proposals from 1968 through September 2012 trace the evolution of NASA-related concepts for the human exploration of Mars. Manned missions to the red planet have been rejected by some presidents (Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Clinton) and endorsed by others (Bush 41, Bush 43, and Obama). In the past five decades, planners and scientists have drawn up plans that attempt to overcome serious obstacles to these missions, which - as the saying goes - always seem to be decades away. This unique compilation provides a superb overview of manned Mars flight planning. The paperback version is divided into two parts because of its large size.The compilation, arranged in chronological order, begins with the first volume of the 1968 Boeing "manned interplanetary spacecraft" study and von Braun's 1969 Space Task Group presentation. The 1986 Working Group Summary Report contains the Shuttle-era ideas presented at an LANL/Marshall meeting. In 1989, President George H. W. Bush unveiled the Space Exploration Initiative; our compilation includes the incisive book about the failure of the SEI, Mars Wars, as well as the infamous NASA 90-day study report. Our next reports come from 2005 and 2008, with planning group analysis of scientific exploration goals of human missions.From 2009, we have the latest NASA Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0, along with an alternative austere mission concept, both using elements of the Constellation program.There are seven reports and documents from 2012, including the newly released and influential Mars Program Planning Group report on robotic and manned missions; papers on human exploration and precursors, strategic knowledge gaps for solar system exploration, two NASA headquarters documents outlining potential manned exploration missions under the latest Obama administration plan, and testimony in September 2012 before House and Senate space committees on exploration goals, the Space Launch System rocket, and the Orion crew capsule.Contents: PART ONE - Chapter 1 - 1968 - Boeing Integrated Manned Interplanetary Spacecraft Concept Definition * Chapter 2 - 1969 - Manned Mars Landing Presentation To The Space Task Group * Chapter 3 - 1986 - Manned Mars Missions Working Group Summary Report * Chapter 4 - 1989 - Mars Wars * Chapter 5 - 2005 - Mars Human Precursor Science Steering Group * Chapter 6 - 2005 - Analysis of the Precursor Measurements of Mars Needed to Reduce the Risk of the First Human Mission to Mars * PART TWO - Chapter 7 - 2008 - Planning for the Scientific Exploration of Mars by Humans by the MEPAG Human Exploration of Mars Science Analysis Group * Chapter 8 - 2009 - Austere Human Missions to Mars * Chapter 9 - 2009 - Human Exploration of Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0 * Chapter 10 - 2012 - Human Exploration and Precursors * Chapter 11 - 2012 - NASA Exploration Destinations, Goals, and International Collaboration * Chapter 12 - 2012 - Mars Program Planning Group September 2012 Report * Chapter 13 - 2012 - Strategic Knowledge Gaps: Planning for Safe, Effective, and Efficient Human Exploration of the Solar System * Chapter 14 - 2012 - Analysis of Strategic Knowledge Gaps Associated with Potential Human Missions to the Martian System * Chapter 15 - 2012 - Voyages: Charting the Course for Sustainable Human Space Exploration * Chapter 16 - 2012 - Senate and House Hearings on Exploration Goals, SLS, and Orion
