Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality

Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality
Author: Tom Tyler
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 162
Release: 2023-01-26
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1009308033

This Element presents the history, research, and future potential for an alternative and effective model of policing called 'legitimacy-based policing'. This model is driven by social psychology theory and informed by research findings showing that legitimacy of the police shapes public acceptance of police decisions, willingness to cooperate with the police, and citizen engagement in communities. Police legitimacy is found to be strongly tied to the level of fairness exercised by police authority, i.e. to procedural justice. Taken together these two ideas create an alternative framework for policing that relies upon the policed community's willing acceptance of and cooperation with the law. Studies show that this framework is as effective in lowering crime as the traditional carceral paradigm, an approach that relies on the threat or use of force to motivate compliance. It is also more effective in motivating willing cooperation and in encouraging people to engage in their communities in ways that promote social, economic and political development. We demonstrate that adopting this model benefits police departments and police officers as well as promoting community vitality. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program

Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 423
Release: 2020-12-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309679702

New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.

Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Sites

Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Author: Krishna Reddy
Publisher: Momentum Press
Total Pages: 246
Release: 2015-02-23
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1606505211

This book presents a holistic approach to remediation that considers ancillary environmental impacts and aims to optimize net effects to the environment. It addresses a broad range of environmental, social, and economic impacts during all remediation phases, and achieves remedial goals through more efficient, sustainable strategies that conserve resources and protect air, water, and soil quality through reduced emissions and other waste burdens. Inside, the authors simultaneously encourage the reuse of remediated land and enhanced long-term financial returns for investments. Though the potential benefits are enormous, many environmental professionals and project stakeholders do not utilize green and sustainable technologies because they are unaware of methods for selection and implementation. This book describes the decision framework, presents qualitative and quantitative assessment tools, including multi-disciplinary metrics, to assess sustainability, and reviews potential new technologies.

Religious Vitality in Christian Intentional Communities

Religious Vitality in Christian Intentional Communities
Author: Mark Killian
Publisher: Lexington Books
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2017-09-25
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1498546617

Through ethnographic research, Killian examines vitality in Philadelphia and Berea, two Christian Intentional Communities whose participants live in close proximity with one another to achieve religious values. Pulling from Anthony Giddens’ theory of structuration, Killian argues that the vitality of both communities cannot be reduced to deterministic structural, individual, or organizational causes. Rather, vitality in these communities is affected by all of these causes in relationship to one another. In other words, it’s not that each explanation “matters” (e.g., social structures matter, organizational behaviors matter, individual religious choices matter), but that these explanations matter to each other (e.g., social structures matter to individual choices, individual choices matter to organizational behaviors, and social structures matter to organizational choices, etc.). To make this argument, Killian develops the idea of the vitality nexus—the interconnected relationship between the various explanations of religious vitality.

Ecological Resilience

Ecological Resilience
Author: Kimberly Etingoff
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 358
Release: 2016-03-30
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 1771883111

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This book presents the latest research on resilience strategies around the world. Research such as this is necessary to create new ideas and to evaluate established ones in an effort to make communities more adaptable and to increase people's survival and quality of life while living with the re

The Town That Food Saved

The Town That Food Saved
Author: Ben Hewitt
Publisher: Rodale Books
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2010-03-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1605291560

Over the past few years, Hardwick, Vermont, a typical hardscrabble farming community of 3,000 residents, has jump-started its economy and redefined its self-image through a local, self-sustaining food system unlike anything else in America. Even as the recent financial downturn threatens to cripple small businesses and privately owned farms, a stunning number of food-based businesses have grown in the region. The Town That Food Saved is rich with appealing, colorful characters, from the optimistic upstarts creating a new agricultural model to the long-established farmers wary of the rapid change in the region. Hewitt, a journalist and Vermonter, delves deeply into the repercussions of this groundbreaking approach to growing food, both its astounding successes and potential limitations. The captivating story of an unassuming community and its extraordinary determination to build a vibrant local food system, The Town That Food Saved is grounded in ideas that will revolutionize the way we eat and, quite possibly, the way we live.

Ford–A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland

Ford–A Village in the West Highlands of Scotland
Author: John B. Stephenson
Publisher: University Press of Kentucky
Total Pages: 190
Release: 2014-10-17
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0813159296

The Highlands of Scotland, like the southern Appalachians of the United States, have long been a problem area in Great Britain, troubled with a fading economy and loss of population. Most books about the region, however, are popular volumes that romanticize a bygone way of life. This study of Ford, a village of some 160 people in western Argyllshire, thus fills a gap in the literature and provides a look at the present realities of Scottish life. Although the Highlands are by no means a homogeneous region, Ford in its size and makeup is perhaps a representative rural settlement. John Stephenson, who conducted extensive interviews in the village during 1981, focuses his study on the theme of survival, on whether this particular village shows signs of enduring as a community of people bound together by common interests and situations. Though necessarily tentative, his conclusions are optimistic. Ford has shown a recent increase in population, consisting almost entirely of newcomers, and though its residents have now a more varied background, they seem to have a sense of place, of belonging to the village. This book will provide new insights not only for those interested in life in the Highlands but also for all those interested in small communities in other parts of the world.