Community Based Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda Monitoring Early Warning And Management
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| Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 112 |
| Release | : 2019-02-12 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251312311 |
Fall Armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) was first reported in Africa in 2016. Since then, it has become a very destructive invasive pest in sub-Saharan Africa. Its main impact is on maize crops and affects different stages of growth, from early vegetative to physiological maturity. In several countries affected by FAW attack, farmer responses have been predominantly based on the use of chemical pesticides. It is important to ensure the safe use of such pesticides by farmers, but also to promote and deploy an integrated pest management (IPM) package against FAW. Farmers need the right advice, tools and resources to sustainably manage FAW. This manual provides farmers and extension service providers easy-to-use information on how they can manage FAW in smallholder cropping systems. It provides information about modules for training trainers in FAW pest diagnostics, scouting, management and data collection. The objective of this training is to provide trainers and farmers with the knowledge and skills that will enable them to identify FAW and differentiate it from other similar pests; understand the life cycle of FAW; and, know how to monitor and manage the pest. This manual gives trainers the information they need in order to support and sustain an IPM approach for FAW management in their communities. The manual is modular and allows for updates in the future as more knowledge and solutions to manage FAW become available.
| Author | : Omkar |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 539 |
| Release | : 2021-01-04 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9811580758 |
Polyphagous pests are primarily agricultural pests that feed on economically important agricultural and horticultural crops of wide taxonomic diversity across the globe. They cause immense damage across different crop varieties owing to their generalist and voracious food habits. The advent of mono-crop culture in a huge area and the massive use of pesticides post green revolution have massively increased pest outbreaks all over the world. The Middle Eastern countries, African continent and even the Indian subcontinent is increasingly facing resurgences of polyphagus pests. This book compiles an inclusive account of polyphagous pests. It covers locusts, termites, aphids, whiteflies, mealybugs, scale insects, gram pod borer, fall armyworm, thrips, mites and rodents. The book discusses mode of spread, enormity of losses caused, mechanism of action, and also means to reduce the crop losses. It brings together a unique perspective for researchers to learn effective pest management practices across all crops. This book is a reference guide to researchers and also useful for academicians and students of entomology.
| Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 50 |
| Release | : 2020-06-01 |
| Genre | : Nature |
| ISBN | : 9251329036 |
This manual is completed guide for maize farmers to fight fall armyworm (FAW). It composed of the updated information to manage FAW in the fields including identification of FAW, importance of FAW scouting and monitoring and how to do systematic scouting in the fields, roles of beneficial insects, low cost and affordable cultural practices, recommended insecticides by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and safe uses of pesticides. It is dedicated to FAW infested maize farmers and extension personnel from Department of Agriculture, Myanmar.
| Author | : Vonnie D.C. Shields |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 112 |
| Release | : 2021-09-08 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1839685174 |
This book provides contributions on various topics pertaining to moths and caterpillars written by experts in their respective fields. The first and third chapter examine pest management strategies for controlling the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Both insect pests are responsible for crop losses valued at millions of dollars annually. The authors discuss current management practices as well as their limitations. The second chapter focuses on the employment of RNAi technology as a molecular tool applied in controlling lepidopteran crop pests. The fourth chapter covers the importance of two types of proteins found in the cocoons of the Indian Tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta. The presence of these silk proteins is critical in allowing the pupae to endure and survive harsh environmental conditions and has served in the medical field in the manufacturing of suture materials, as well. The last chapter highlights the importance of how the sense of taste plays a key role in the feeding behavior of caterpillars. Attention is paid to the morphology of specific sensory organs involved in feeding with reference to gypsy moth caterpillars, Lymantria dispar. In addition, feeding behavior, phytochemicals, hostplant preferences, and neurophysiological responses of sensory organs involved in peripheral gustatory coding are covered. This book targets a wide audience of entomologists, biologists, ecologists, zoologists, teachers, and students.
| Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 59 |
| Release | : 2022-05-27 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251362661 |
Worldwide, maize is the third most important cereal after rice and wheat. It occupies 197 million hectares of planted area. Asia contributes to nearly 30 percent of global maize supplies, and area and production of the crop is rapidly increasing in the continent. Minimum support prices, swelling market demand from the animal feed and processing industries, as well as human consumption, have all led to increased maize production in zones where precipitation limits rice cultivation. However, maize production is currently threatened by the arrival in Asia (in 2018) of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) – a native to North America. It invaded India in 2018 and since then it has marched to most of the Asian countries. In 2019, its presence was confirmed in 13 Asian countries including Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, the Republic of Korea, Sri Lanka, and Viet Nam. In 2020, it was confirmed in Australia, Timor-Leste and Papua New Guinea. In August 2021, it reached the Solomon Islands, posing a serious threat to other Pacific islands. FAW is a fast-dispersing, migratory, transboundary insect pest. While high FAW incidences have been reported on several crops in Asia, the most important economic damage caused is to maize (followed by sorghum). The FAW invasion threatens the food security of millions of family farms in Asia, with smallholder farmers being especially vulnerable. The negative economic impact of FAW is not only evident in yield loss: the pest also leads to a significant increase in insecticide applications, with associated health, environmental and cost issues. At the same time, resilience to FAW on the continent is currently weakened by the limited access to necessary tools, technologies and sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) practices for FAW. Thus, there is an urgent need to implement an effective approach to FAW management in Asia.
| Author | : Peter A. Edde |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 1004 |
| Release | : 2021-08-21 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128196998 |
Field Crop Arthropod Pests of Economic Importance presents detailed descriptions of the biology and ecology of important arthropod pest of selected global field crops. Standard management options for insect pest control on crops include biological, non-chemical, and chemical approaches. However, because agricultural crops face a wide range of insect pests throughout the year, it can prove difficult to find a simple solution to insect pest control in many, if not most, cropping systems. A whole-farm or integrated pest management approach combines cultural, natural, and chemical controls to maintain insect pest populations below levels that cause economic damage to the crop. This practice requires accurate species identification and thorough knowledge of the biology and ecology of the target organism. Integration and effective use of various control components is often enhanced when the target organism is correctly identified, and its biology and ecology are known. This book provides a key resource toward that identification and understanding. Students and professionals in agronomy, insect detection and survey, and economic entomology will find the book a valuable learning aid and resource tool. - Includes insect synonyms, common names, and geographic distribution - Provides information on natural enemies - Is thoroughly referenced for future research
| Author | : N. P. Padhy |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2005 |
| Genre | : Computers |
| ISBN | : 9780195671544 |
Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Systems provides a comprehensive coverage of the fundamental concepts and techniques in artificial intelligence. The book discusses current trends in AI and its application to various fields. Intelligent systems such as expert systems, fuzzy systems, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and swarm intelligent systems are discussed in detail with examples to facilitate in-depth understanding of AI. The text emphasizes the solution of real-world problems using the latest AI techniques. Since the ultimate goal of AI is the construction of programs to solve problems, an entire chapter has been devoted to the programming languages used in AI problem solving. Written in a clear and lucid style, this student-friendly book has been specially designed for undergraduate engineering students. With its application oriented approach and inclusion of recent topics, the book would also be useful to postgraduate students and researchers in th is field. Features BL Includes real-world examples to illustrate concepts BL Contains a separate chapter on programming languages in AI BL Includes new topics such as swarn intelligent systems BL Explains genetic algorithms and swarn intelligence using examples BL Provides numerous illustrations, examples, and end-chapter exercises
| Author | : Jacqueline Ignatova |
| Publisher | : Zed Books Ltd. |
| Total Pages | : 306 |
| Release | : 2021-05-20 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1786996588 |
‘In this insightful critique of arguments for and against GMOs as a remedy for poverty, inequality and hunger in Africa, Ignatova illuminates the way the “new Green Revolution” serves as a vehicle for philanthrocapital – generating markets and wealth for global agribusiness in the name of “pro-poor” development.’ Sara Berry, Professor Emeritus, John Hopkins University, USA ‘Ignatova’s important book illuminates profound problems with public-private partnerships that skirt democratic accountability and empower wealthy interests at the expense of local communities. But it’s not a despairing account: she centres Ghanaian activists and policy-makers who are pioneering a new type of philanthropy, one emphasizing interdependency and social justice over anti-democratic efforts to privatize seed commons. A revelatory and insightful study.’ Linsey McGoey, Professor of Sociology, University of Essex, UK ‘Like a combine through a field of genetically modified maize, Jacqueline Ignatova cuts through the rhetoric surrounding the ‘Green Revolution for Africa’ to reveal the underlying power, politics and inequities that shape agricultural development in contemporary Ghana. Full of rich empirics and analytical insights, this book is essential reading for those seeking a comprehensive understanding of how public-private partnerships and philanthropy-driven initiatives are reshaping smallholder agriculture across the African continent.’ Marcus Taylor, Associate Professor and Head of Department, Global Development Studies, Queen’s University, Canada
| Author | : Jacqueline A. Ignatova |
| Publisher | : Bloomsbury Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 217 |
| Release | : 2021-05-20 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 178699657X |
Genetically modified crops have become a key element of development strategies across the Global South, despite remaining deeply controversial. Proponents hail them as an example of 'pro-poor' innovation, while critics regard them as a threat to food sovereignty and the environment. The promotion of biotechnology is an integral part of 'new Green Revolution for Africa' interventions and is also intimately linked to the rise of 'philanthrocapitalism,' which advances business solutions to address the problem of poverty. Through interviews with farmers, policymakers and agricultural scientists, Jacqueline Ignatova shows how efforts to transform the seed sector in northern Ghana – one of the key laboratories of this 'new Green Revolution' – may serve to exacerbate the inequality it was notionally intended to address. But she also argues that its effects in Ghana have been far more complex than either side of the debate has acknowledged, with local farmers proving adept at blending traditional and modern agricultural methods that subvert the interests of global agribusiness.
| Author | : Victor R Preedy |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 543 |
| Release | : 2011-02-17 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0123808871 |
Bread and flour-based foods are an important part of the diet for millions of people worldwide. Their complex nature provides energy, protein, minerals and many other macro- and micronutrients. However, consideration must be taken of three major aspects related to flour and bread. The first is that not all cultures consume bread made from wheat flour. There are literally dozens of flour types, each with their distinctive heritage, cultural roles and nutritive contents. Second, not all flours are used to make leavened bread in the traditional (i.e., Western) loaf form. There are many different ways that flours are used in the production of staple foods. Third, flour and breads provide a suitable means for fortification: either to add components that are removed in the milling and purification process or to add components that will increase palatability or promote health and reduce disease per se. Flour and Breads and their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention provides a single-volume reference to the healthful benefits of a variety of flours and flour products, and guides the reader in identifying options and opportunities for improving health through flour and fortified flour products. - Examines those flour and bread related agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions - Explores the impact of compositional differences between flours, including differences based on country of origin and processing technique - Includes methods for analysis of flours and bread-related compounds in other foods
