Visual information provided to the modern military aircrew member accounts for the preponderance of data contributing to situational awareness Although long recognized as a critical factor in aviation, as a result of advancing technological developments, color vision is emerging as an ever-increasing critical requirement in modern and future cockpits Despite that premise, the modern battlefield is characterized by a vast array of technological weaponry that increases the threat to the visual system and dictates effective countermeasures that compromise visual performance in general and color perception in specific. This paper will review the aeromedical basis of color testing developments and issues that effect aeromedical decisions in color standards and performance as they relate to the modern military aircrew member, It will include an update on color vision issues raised by protective equipment such as selective waveband filters that include sunglass materials and laser protective eyewear/visors. Color-related aircraft accident issues will be addressed.