Colonial Records of Pennsylvania: Minutes of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the revolution: v. 11, Proceedings of Council of safety, Nov. 13, 1776-Mar. 17 [i.e. 13] 1777, Oct. 17-Dec. 4, 1777; memorandum from Dec. 31, 1776-Mar. 17, 1777; minutes of the Supreme executive council Mar. 4, 1777-May 20, 1779; v. 12, minutes of the Supreme executive council from May 21, 1779-July 12, 1781; v. 13, July 13, 1781-Dec. 31, 1783; v. 14, Jan. 1, 1784-Apr. 3, 1786; v. 15, July 4, 1786-Feb. 6, 1789; v. 16, Feb. 7, 1789-Dec. 20, 1790

Colonial Records of Pennsylvania: Minutes of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the revolution: v. 11, Proceedings of Council of safety, Nov. 13, 1776-Mar. 17 [i.e. 13] 1777, Oct. 17-Dec. 4, 1777; memorandum from Dec. 31, 1776-Mar. 17, 1777; minutes of the Supreme executive council Mar. 4, 1777-May 20, 1779; v. 12, minutes of the Supreme executive council from May 21, 1779-July 12, 1781; v. 13, July 13, 1781-Dec. 31, 1783; v. 14, Jan. 1, 1784-Apr. 3, 1786; v. 15, July 4, 1786-Feb. 6, 1789; v. 16, Feb. 7, 1789-Dec. 20, 1790
Author: Samuel Hazard
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release:
Genre: Pennsylvania
ISBN:
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Colonial Records of Pennsylvania: Minutes of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the revolution: v. 11, Proceedings of Council of safety, Nov. 13, 1776-Mar. 17 [i.e. 13] 1777, Oct. 17-Dec. 4, 1777; memorandum from Dec. 31, 1776-Mar. 17, 1777; minutes of the Supreme executive council Mar. 4, 1777-May 20, 1779; v. 12, minutes of the Supreme executive council from May 21, 1779-July 12, 1781; v. 13, July 13, 1781-Dec. 31, 1783; v. 14, Jan. 1, 1784-Apr. 3, 1786; v. 15, July 4, 1786-Feb. 6, 1789; v. 16, Feb. 7, 1789-Dec. 20, 1790

Colonial Records of Pennsylvania: Minutes of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the revolution: v. 11, Proceedings of Council of safety, Nov. 13, 1776-Mar. 17 [i.e. 13] 1777, Oct. 17-Dec. 4, 1777; memorandum from Dec. 31, 1776-Mar. 17, 1777; minutes of the Supreme executive council Mar. 4, 1777-May 20, 1779; v. 12, minutes of the Supreme executive council from May 21, 1779-July 12, 1781; v. 13, July 13, 1781-Dec. 31, 1783; v. 14, Jan. 1, 1784-Apr. 3, 1786; v. 15, July 4, 1786-Feb. 6, 1789; v. 16, Feb. 7, 1789-Dec. 20, 1790
Author: Samuel Hazard
Publisher:
Total Pages: 810
Release: 1852
Genre: Pennsylvania
ISBN:
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Colonial Records of Pennsylvania: Minutes of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the revolution: v. 11, Proceedings of the Council of safety, Nov. 13, 1776-Mar. 17, 1777, Oct. 17-Dec. 4, 1777; memorandum from Dec. 31, 1776-Mar. 17, 1779; minutes of the Supreme executive council from Mar. 4, 1777-May 20, 1779; v. 12, Proceedings of the Supreme executive council from May 21, 1779-July 12, 1781; v. 13, July 13, 1781-Dec. 31, 1783; v. 14, Jan. 1, 1784-Apr. 3, 1786; v. 15, July 4, 1786-Feb. 6, 1789; v. 16, Feb. 7, 1789-Dec. 20, 1790

Colonial Records of Pennsylvania: Minutes of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania, from its organization to the termination of the revolution: v. 11, Proceedings of the Council of safety, Nov. 13, 1776-Mar. 17, 1777, Oct. 17-Dec. 4, 1777; memorandum from Dec. 31, 1776-Mar. 17, 1779; minutes of the Supreme executive council from Mar. 4, 1777-May 20, 1779; v. 12, Proceedings of the Supreme executive council from May 21, 1779-July 12, 1781; v. 13, July 13, 1781-Dec. 31, 1783; v. 14, Jan. 1, 1784-Apr. 3, 1786; v. 15, July 4, 1786-Feb. 6, 1789; v. 16, Feb. 7, 1789-Dec. 20, 1790
Author: Samuel Hazard
Publisher:
Total Pages: 810
Release: 1852
Genre: Pennsylvania
ISBN:
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Engineers of Independence

Engineers of Independence
Author: Paul K. Walker
Publisher: The Minerva Group, Inc.
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2002-08
Genre: History
ISBN: 9781410201737
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This collection of documents, including many previously unpublished, details the role of the Army engineers in the American Revolution. Lacking trained military engineers, the Americans relied heavily on foreign officers, mostly from France, for sorely needed technical assistance. Native Americans joined the foreign engineer officers to plan and carry out offensive and defensive operations, direct the erection of fortifications, map vital terrain, and lay out encampments. During the war Congress created the Corps of Engineers with three companies of engineer troops as well as a separate geographer's department to assist the engineers with mapping. Both General George Washington and Major General Louis Lebéque Duportail, his third and longest serving Chief Engineer, recognized the disadvantages of relying on foreign powers to fill the Army's crucial need for engineers. America, they contended, must train its own engineers for the future. Accordingly, at the war's end, they suggested maintaining a peacetime engineering establishment and creating a military academy. However, Congress rejected the proposals, and the Corps of Engineers and its companies of sappers and miners mustered out of service. Eleven years passed before Congress authorized a new establishment, the Corps of Artillerists and Engineers.