How stringent should environmental and occupational safety regulations be? How far should Medicaid support go? Should funding for research on Alzheimer's disease be increased? Should more money be spent on programs to discourage smoking? What are appropriate ways to determine damages in wrongful injury or death suits? Toward answering such questions, this volume examines various models of health valuation, including the cost-of-illness, preventive-expenditures, and quality-adjusted-life-year approaches. The authors favor a willingness-to-pay approach grounded in individual preferences.