Excerpt from The Codling Moth and How to Control It by Spraying Only from 5 to 20 per cent. Of the larvae survive the winter. An examination of seven trees, which averaged 38 cocoons per tree in the fall, showed but 5 per cent. Alive in the spring, 87 per cent. Having been killed by birds, 4 per cent. By disease and 3 per cent. By cold. In another orchard cocoons were exam ined in May, 1907, with 19 per cent. Alive, 66 per cent. Having been killed by birds, 6 per cent. By disease and 9 per cent. By cold. It is quite evident that the birds, particularly the downy woodpeckers and the nuthatches are the most important enemies of the codling moth in New England and that they should be given every protection and be attracted to the orchard in every way possible. The Transformation. During May or early June, the cater pillar opens the end of the cocoon and spins a silken tube from it to the surface. Then retiring to the cocoon, with its head towards the opening, it sheds its winter clothes, transforming into a pupa. The pupa is a dormant stage in which the insect has almost no power of motion, and shows but little sign of life, but during which wonderful changes in its structure are going on, so that from the old tissues of the worm-like larva are formed the organs of the active, winged moth. In 1906 pupation com menced May 7, the last larva did not pupate until early in June, but the average date was May 25. In June, 1907, the average date of pupation was June 16 or three weeks later, while in 1908 the average date was June 1, the first pupa being on May 20 and the last June 9. The time of pupation is therefore seen to vary greatly with the season, but with average weather condi tions to occur about June 1. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.