Analyzing Grammar

Analyzing Grammar
Author: Paul R. Kroeger
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 388
Release: 2005-05-05
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9781139443517

Analyzing Grammar is a clear introductory textbook on grammatical analysis, designed for students beginning to study the discipline. Covering both syntax (the structure of phrases and sentences) and morphology (the structure of words), it equips them with the tools and methods needed to analyze grammatical patterns in any language. Students are shown how to use standard notational devices such as phrase structure trees and word-formation rules, as well as prose descriptions. Emphasis is placed on comparing the different grammatical systems of the world's languages, and students are encouraged to practice the analyses through a diverse range of problem sets and exercises. Topics covered include word order, constituency, case, agreement, tense, gender, pronoun systems, inflection, derivation, argument structure and grammatical relations, and a useful glossary provides a clear explanation of each term. Accessibly written and comprehensive, Analyzing Grammar is set to become a key text for all courses in grammatical analysis.

On Clitics and Cliticization

On Clitics and Cliticization
Author: Judith L. Klavans
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 159
Release: 2018-10-09
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 0429809662

First published in 1995. This investigation shows that cliticization is not a totally unified phenomenon. Asymmetries in the behaviour of phonological and syntactic clitics show that no single principle predicts all clitic behaviour. The study explores the idea that modifications to the original five parameter system of analysis can be altered to a more efficient analysis in terms of three parameters. This title will be of interest to students of phonetics and phonology.

Spanish Clitics on the Move

Spanish Clitics on the Move
Author: Elisabeth Mayer
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2017-04-10
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 1501500880

This volume explores the complex relationship between primary agreement by means of object marking or differential object marking (DOM), and secondary agreement through clitics in non-standardized variation data from Limeño Spanish contact varieties (LSCV). As such it is concerned with diachronic as well as synchronic morphosyntactic variation of the third person object pronoun paradigm, so called clitics, as used in Standard Spanish and non-standardized Spanish contact dialects. The argumentation as well as the data presented cross diachronic and synchronic boundaries.

Clitics

Clitics
Author: Joel Ashmore Nevis
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 313
Release: 1994-01-01
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027237484

This bibliography provides an alphabetical listing of over 1500 articles, books, and dissertations that treat in some way the topic of clitics and related matters, e.g. affixes, words, word order, movement, sandhi, etc. The beginning point for the bibliographic entries is 1892, taking Jacob Wackernagel's classic work as the point of departure, and the entries cover the subsequent 100-year period. Each entury is accompanied by a series of descriptors which give an indication of the content of the item. Nearly one-third of the book is a detailed analytic index, based on the descriptors, which can aid in topical searches for relevant material. Prefatory matter includes an essay “What is a Clitic?” by Arnold M. Zwicky, a brief consideration of Wackernagel's scholarly career by Brian D. Joseph, and information on the format and use of the book itself.

The Bantu-Romance Connection

The Bantu-Romance Connection
Author: Cécile De Cat
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 376
Release: 2008
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027255148

This landmark volume is the first work specifically designed to explore the extent to which striking surface morpho-syntactic similarities between Bantu and Romance languages actually represent similar syntactic structures. In particular, it explores the timely and much debated issues of verbal morphology and agreement, the structure of DPs, and word order/information structure, with the goal of providing a better understanding of the structure of the different languages investigated, and the implications this holds for syntactic theory more generally. All of the papers draw on data from both Bantu and Romance languages, providing a framework for much-needed further comparative research on the nature of linguistic structure, its diversity and constraints, and the implications this has for learnability/acquisition. The volume also provides an important precedent for incorporating insights from Bantu linguistic structure into mainstream of syntax research.

Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands 1997

Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands 1997
Author: Peter-Arno Coppen
Publisher: Rodopi
Total Pages: 252
Release: 1998
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9789042005044

The subjects found in this book represent a cross-section of current research topics in computational linguistics and are related to the fields of grammatical description, statistical modelling and natural language technology. Grammatical description is included in the form of work on HPSG, both the application of HPSG and investigation of the structure of HPSG itself. Another popular methodology, statistical modelling, is amply present as well: there are papers on the use of statistical models in such varied areas as language evolution, phonotactics, index term identification and bilingual dictionary creation. Finally, as can also be seen from the latter two subjects, computational linguistics is closely related to natural language technology systems and resources. This is shown by papers on document analysis, controlled languages, text generation and lexicon acquisition.

Clitics in Greek

Clitics in Greek
Author: Marios Mavrogiorgos
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Total Pages: 311
Release: 2010
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9027255431

This monograph investigates the morpho-syntactic and other properties of clitic pronouns in Greek and offers a grammar of proclisis and enclisis in light of Chomsky s (1995, 2001a, 2005) Minimalist Program. It explores the nature of clitics as syntactic topicalizers which are probed by structurally higher verbal heads to which they move and into which they incorporate morpho-syntactically. A theory is advanced according to which cliticization derives from syntactic agreement between (the phi-features of) a clitic pronoun and a phase head, v* in the case of proclisis and CM in the case of enclisis. Incorporation of the clitic into its host is argued to depend on two factors, i.e. the fact that the clitic only contains a subset of the features of its host, and the fact that the edge of the host is accessible. Also, the syntax of strong pronouns and their relation to clitics, of negated imperatives, of surrogate imperatives and of free clitic ordering in Greek enclisis are also discussed. This monograph would appeal to syntacticians and morphologists as well as to those interested in Greek and more generally in clitic syntax."

Clitics

Clitics
Author: Andrew Spencer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 402
Release: 2012-07-12
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 113956031X

In most languages we find 'little words' which resemble a full word, but which cannot stand on their own. Instead they have to 'lean on' a neighbouring word, like the 'd, 've and unstressed 'em of Kim'd've helped'em ('Kim would have helped them'). These are clitics, and they are found in most of the world's languages. In English the clitic forms appear in the same place in the sentence that the full form of the word would appear in but in many languages clitics obey quite separate rules of placement. This book is the first introduction to clitics, providing a complete summary of their properties, their uses, the reasons why they are of interest to linguists and the various theoretical approaches that have been proposed for them. The book describes a whole host of clitic systems and presents data from over 100 languages.

The Acquisition of Scrambling and Cliticization

The Acquisition of Scrambling and Cliticization
Author: S.M. Powers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 528
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN: 9401732329

This collection of papers investigates two specific linguistic phenomena from the point of view of first- and second-language acquisition. While observations on the acquisition of scrambling or pronominal clitics can be found in the literature, up until the recent past they were sparse and often buried in other issues. This volume fills a long-existing gap in providing a collection of articles which focus on language acquisition but at the same time address the overarching syntactic issues involved (for example, the X-bar status of clitics, base-generation vs. movement accounts of scrambling). This volume contains an overview of L1 (and, in one case, L2) acquisition data from a number of different languages including Bernese, Swiss, German, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Spanish and Swedish, as well as from several theoretical points of view with these two clause-internal processes at its center. These language acquisition data are considered to be crucial in the validation of analyses of these specific linguistic phenomena in adult grammars. The contributions in this volume include the earliest thoughts in this vein and, for this reason, should be viewed as a starting point for discussions within theoretical linguistics and language acquisition alike.