Clay Minerals In Nature Their Characterization Modification And Application
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| Author | : Marta Valaskova |
| Publisher | : BoD – Books on Demand |
| Total Pages | : 330 |
| Release | : 2012-09-12 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9535107380 |
Clay is an abundant raw material which has a variety of uses and properties depending on their structure and composition. Clay minerals are inexpensive and environmentally friendly naturally occurring nanomaterials, thanks to their 1 nm thick silicate layers, in all types of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The book chapters have been classified according to their characteristics in topics and applications. Therefore, in the first section five chapters is dedicated to the characterization and utilization of clay minerals in deposits. The second section includes four chapters about the significance of clay minerals in soils. Third section is devoted to different aspects of clay minerals research, especially to the characterization of structure and modifications for their application.
| Author | : Gražyna Simha Martynkova |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 2012 |
| Genre | : Geology |
| ISBN | : 9789535142775 |
Clay is an abundant raw material which has a variety of uses and properties depending on their structure and composition. Clay minerals are inexpensive and environmentally friendly naturally occurring nanomaterials, thanks to their 1 nm thick silicate layers, in all types of sediments and sedimentary rocks. The book chapters have been classified according to their characteristics in topics and applications. Therefore, in the first section five chapters is dedicated to the characterization and utilization of clay minerals in deposits. The second section includes four chapters about the significance of clay minerals in soils. Third section is devoted to different aspects of clay minerals research, especially to the characterization of structure and modifications for their application.
| Author | : Suryadi Ismadji |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 131 |
| Release | : 2015-03-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 331916712X |
A comprehensive review of environmental remediation is presented with an emphasis on the role of clay minerals in water purification. In the first chapter, important aspects of environmental problems and possible solutions are discussed. In the second chapter, the application of natural clay minerals as environmental cleaning agents are explained. The discussion is focused on the role of different types of clay materials in hazardous substance removal from air, aqueous solutions, wastewater, aquaculture, ground water, etc. In the next chapter, the modification of clay materials is explored including the preparation of clay composite materials for environmental remediation. Various aspects of clay material modifications and the effects of clay surface chemistry on the removal of hazardous material is also discussed. Next, the equilibrium and kinetics of hazardous substance adsorption is presented. This chapter summarizes recent studies on the removal of hazardous substances from aqueous solutions and the environment using various types of clay minerals. The brief also includes various models used in adsorption studies and touches on the characterization of clay minerals.
| Author | : Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor |
| Publisher | : Intechopen |
| Total Pages | : 204 |
| Release | : 2018 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1789237289 |
Clay and clay minerals have always been used since the ancient times for making ceramic materials and also as a building material. Over the past decades, there has been a growing trend in their applicability in different areas such as industries, environmental remediation and water treatment sectors. The growing trend is mainly associated with the fact that they are chemically and mechanically stable, have higher specific surface area and cation exchange capacity. Furthermore, clays can be modified to improve their functionalities in different sectors. In this chapter, we present a review of the structural, mineralogical and chemical properties of clay and the effect of surface modification in their structures. We further looked at their applicability in arsenic and fluoride removal in their raw and also in their modified form. Although the literature showed that modified clay minerals yields higher adsorption capacity as compared to raw clays little nothing has been reported yet in relation to the cost of modifying clays with chemical species. As such new studies should also elaborate on the cost effectiveness of modifying clay minerals with chemical species.
| Author | : Mariano Mercurio |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 363 |
| Release | : 2018-11-29 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0128146184 |
Modified Clay and Zeolite Nanocomposite Materials: Environmental and Pharmaceutical Applications retraces the most important knowledge gaps that the scientific community is facing, including a drawback of real-world applications. This valuable resource explores the novel applications of this group of nanomaterials that can be suitably surface-modified to obtain properties that can be applied in environmental and pharmaceutical fields. For example, modification with surfactants has given new motivation to the study of these materials by producing an inversion in the ion exchange behavior from cationic to anionic. This strategy has paved the way for new uses highlighted in this timely resource. - Explores the combination of both minerals (clay and zeolite) together, with their application in two broad areas of emerging research - Explains better utilization and applications for modified clay and zeolite through detailed comparative studies - Consolidates information on the modification and tuning of clay and zeolite materials for novelty applications - Helps users in the selection of materials, surface features, and other functionalization for diverse applications
| Author | : Markus Gräfe |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 450 |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : Clay |
| ISBN | : 9781108298131 |
Clays are increasingly becoming a major problem in the mining, extraction and value-adding processes for a wide range of commodity raw materials. Clays can impact negatively on virtually every unit process within the mining and minerals processing sector, having long-term environmental implications that go well beyond the lifetime of the mining operation. This book is the first to compile, explain and evaluate the effects of clays in the mineral processing value chain, from mining to minerals processing, and finally, tailings disposal. Focusing on topics from the chemistry and rheology of clays to their detection and dissolution behaviour, this book provides comprehensive coverage of the effects on processes such as settling, preg-robing, flotation and comminution. It is an excellent reference for professional mineralogists and geologists, industrial engineers, and researchers interested in clays and clay minerals.
| Author | : M.H. Repacholi |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 362 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401107270 |
A knowledge of clay is important in many spheres of scientific endeav our, particularly in natural sciences such as geology, mineralogy and soil science, but also in more applied areas like environmental and mater ials science. Over the last two decades research into clay mineralogy has been strongly influenced by the development and application of a num ber of spectroscopic techniques which are now able to yield information about clay materials at a level of detail that previously would have seemed inconceivable. This information relates not only to the precise characterization of the individual clay components themselves, but also to the ways in which these components interact with a whole range of absorbate molecules. At present, however, the fruits of this research are to be found principally in a somewhat widely dispersed form in the scientific journals, and it was thus considered to be an appropriate time to bring together a compilation of these spectroscopic techniques in a way which would make them more accessible to the non-specialist. This is the primary aim of this book. The authors of the various chapters first describe the principles and instrumentation of the individual spectro scopic techniques, assuming a minimum of prior knowledge, and then go on to show how these methods have been usefully applied to clay mineralogy in its broadest context.
| Author | : Bruce B. Velde |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 407 |
| Release | : 2008-07-18 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540756345 |
Of huge relevance in a number of fields, this is a survey of the different processes of soil clay mineral formation and the consequences of these processes concerning the soil ecosystem, especially plant and mineral. Two independent systems form soil materials. The first is the interaction of rocks and water, unstable minerals adjusting to surface conditions. The second is the interaction of the biosphere with clays in the upper parts of alteration profiles.
| Author | : P. Misaelides |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 506 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401144990 |
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Application of Natural Microporous Materials for Environmental Technology, Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, 26-30 October 1998
| Author | : Khouloud Jlassi |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 548 |
| Release | : 2017-07-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0323461611 |
Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites is a complete summary of the existing knowledge on this topic, from the basic concepts of synthesis and design to their applications in timely topics such as high-performance composites, environment, and energy issues. This book covers many aspects of synthesis such as in- situ polymerization within the interlamellar spacing of the clays or by reaction of pristine or pre-modified clays with reactive polymers and prepolymers. Indeed, nanocomposites can be prepared at industrial scale by melt mixing. Regardless the synthesis method, much is said in this book about the importance of theclay pre-modification step, which is demonstrated to be effective, on many occasions, in obtaining exfoliated nanocomposites. Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites reports the background to numerous characterization methods including solid state NMR, neutron scattering, diffraction and vibrational techniques as well as surface analytical methods, namely XPS, inverse gas chromatography and nitrogen adsorption to probe surface composition, wetting and textural/structural properties. Although not described in dedicated chapters, numerous X-ray diffraction patterns of clay–polymer nanocomposites and reference materials are displayed to account for the effects of intercalation and exfoliations of layered aluminosilicates. Finally, multiscale molecular simulation protocols are presenting for predicting morphologies and properties of nanostructured polymer systems with industrial relevance. As far as applications are concerned, Clay–Polymer Nanocomposites examines structural composites such as clay–epoxy and clay–biopolymers, the use of clay–polymer nanocomposites as reactive nanocomposite fillers, catalytic clay-(conductive) polymers and similar nanocomposites for the uptake of hazardous compounds or for controlled drug release, antibacterial applications, energy storage, and more. - The most comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in clay–polymer nanocomposites, from synthesis and design to opportunities and applications - Covers the various methods of characterization of clay–polymer nanocomposites - including spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and X-ray diffraction - Includes a discussion of a range of application areas, including biomedicine, energy storage, biofouling resistance, and more
