The ion-exchange process is a natural phenomenon and mankind has been using this technique since the early days of civilisation. With the progress of technologies and concepts, we got a better understanding of this technique and increased its application horizon. Like in other research areas, nanotechnology has also penetrated heavily into this field, and has helped develop smart materials with better properties for application in adsorption and ion-exchange chromatography. A large amount of research was carried out in this field in the last few decades, showing the importance of these materials and technologies. Water treatment is receiving great attention worldwide, due to the increasing demand of drinking water and hence the need to recycle polluted water sources. Keeping this importance in mind, this book “Applications of Adsorption and Ion Exchange Chromatography in Waste Water Treatment” has been edited with contributions from well know experts in the field, who have been working on different ion-exchange materials and technologies for many years.