Chemical And Biological Applications Of Relaxation Spectrometry
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| Author | : E. Wyn-Jones |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 504 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9401018553 |
Chemical relaxation spectrometry involves the application of several different relaxation techniques to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of fast chemical reactions and also dynamic molecul 10 ar processes that occur in liquids in the time range 1 - 10- secs. These methods have been used widely in several disciplines of the natural sciences including molecular biology, biochemistry, organic stereochemistry, detergent chemistry and inorganic chemistry. The purpose of the Advanced Study Institute was to provide a forum for scientists to discuss the role, scope and limitations of the various applications of chemical relaxation methods in order to stimulate discussion and interaction between workers in these different fields. The papers described in this volume are a summary of the contributions that were discussed at the meeting. The brief given to the authors was to attempt to prepare an article contain ing a good supply of references so that the book can be used not only by those starting in the field, but also by the specialist and research worker. These contributions cover a varied range of topics summarizing the achievements, the current state of knowledge and possible application in many disciplines. It is to be hoped that this volume will help to point out some new directions towards which research efforts are required and to attract new researchers with fresh points of view.
| Author | : E. Wyn-Jones |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 546 |
| Release | : 2014-01-15 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9789401018562 |
| Author | : I. Pecht |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 435 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642811175 |
The development of an area of scientific research is a dynamic process with its own kinetic equations and its own physical mech anism. The study of fast chemical interactions and transformations is such an area, and while it is tempting to draw analogies or to speculate about the simplest model system, the lack of ade quately averaged observables is an annoying obstacle to such an undertaking. Sciences suffering from such conditions usually avoid quantitative models, be they primitive or complex. Instead, they prove their point by "case histories". Chemical relaxation kinetics started as an offspring of research in acoustics. In some aqueous ionic solutions anomalous acoustic absorption had been observed. A systematic study traced the cause of this absorption, showing that the covered frequency range and the intensity of the absorption were related in a predictable manner to the rate at which ions can interact and form structures differing in volume from the non interacting species. The step from this experimental observation and its correct, non trivial explanation to the discovery that all fast chemical pro cesses must reveal themselves quantitatively in the relaxation rate of a perturbed equilibrium state, and that perturbation para meters other than sound waves can be used for its exploitation, was made by MANFRED EIGEN in 1954. The foresightedness of K.F.
| Author | : K.L. Mittal |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 527 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Psychology |
| ISBN | : 1461578809 |
The 52nd Colloid and Surface Science Symposium of the Divis ion of Colloid and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society was held in Knoxville, TN, June 12-14, 1978, and one of its Sections was devoted to the topic of Solution Chemistry of Surfactants. Although it was billed as the Section on Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, but it was indeed a veritable inter national symposium on this topic as 51 papers by about 100 con tributors from 12 countries were listed in the program. The present volume and its companion volume 2 document the proceedings of the above-mentioned Section on Solution Chemistry of Surfactants. In 1976 there was held an international symposium on Micellization, Solubilization and Microemulsions in Albany, l the proceedings of which have been chronicled in two volumes. A great deal of material dealing with micelles contributed by a legion of prominent researchers constitutes these volumes but a few subtopics were not adequately covered; so it was deemed appro priate to cover these topics as well as the recent progress in the general area of aggregation of surfactants in this Section. Also as it is the amphiphilicity or amphipathicity* of a surfact ant molecule which is responsible for both adsorption at inter faces and aggregation in solution, so it was considered quite apropos to include the topic of adsorption at interfaces in this Section. Concomitantly, the present volumes not only cover the aggregation phenomena but also the adsorption at interfaces.
| Author | : Claude Bernasconi |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 301 |
| Release | : 2012-12-02 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0323156991 |
Relaxation Kinetics focuses on the theory of relaxation kinetics (also known as chemical relaxation) and the experimental techniques used in the study of fast reactions. Topics covered include relaxation times in single-step, two-step, and multistep systems; small perturbations; and relaxation amplitudes in single-step and multistep systems. Chemical relaxation in complex systems is also described, and a complete solution of the relaxation equation is presented. This book is comprised of 16 chapters divided into two sections and begins with an overview of the basic principles of chemical relaxation, including the linearization of rate equations, relaxation times, and transient and stationary relaxation methods. The following chapters explore relaxation times in single-step, two-step, and multistep systems, as well as relaxation amplitudes in single-step and multistep systems. The possibility of linearization of a rate equation for ""small"" perturbations is then considered, along with the derivation of the complete relaxation equation. The next chapter discusses transient relaxation techniques and explains how the data are analyzed for the stationary techniques when dealing with the specific techniques. The second section is devoted to experimental techniques such as the temperature-jump method, the electric field-jump method, and the concentration-jump method. Ultrasonic techniques and stationary electric field methods are also described. This monograph will be a valuable resource for chemists and physicists.
| Author | : John L. Markley |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
| Total Pages | : 375 |
| Release | : 1997-01-30 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0195094689 |
This book presents a critical assessment of progress on the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the structure of proteins, including brief reviews of the history of the field along with coverage of current clinical and in vivo applications. The book, in honor of Oleg Jardetsky, one of the pioneers of the field, is edited by two of the most highly respected investigators using NMR, and features contributions by most of the leading workers in the field. It will be valued as a landmark publication that presents the state-of-the-art perspectives regarding one of today's most important technologies.
| Author | : G.J. Martin |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 389 |
| Release | : 2012-12-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3642501729 |
After the proton and carbon, nitrogen is, with oxygen, the most impor tant atom in organic and especially bioorganic molecules. However, the development of nitrogen spectroscopy is indeed very recent. This is due to the fact that nitrogen-14, which is the naturally abundant iso tope, suffers, for structural studies, from the disadvantages inherent in nuclei with a quadrupolar moment (Table 1.1). Actually, indirect 15N measurements were reported in the early days of double resonance spectroscopy and the first direct detection of 15N resonance signals at the natural abundance level was realized in 1964 (R 17) at 4.33 MHz 1 (~ 1T) using a 15 mm o.d. cell in the field sweep mode (~ 0.16 min- ). Signal-to-noise ratios only of 3-4 were obtained for neat liquids and this low sensitivity of the 15N resonance still remains the main dis advantage for 15 spectroscopy (Table 1.1). However, nitrogen-15 has, N probably more than any other nucleus, benefited from the advances of NMR technology, i.e. Fourier transformation, multinuclear facilities, wide-bore super conducting solenoids, and, with the new generation of spectrometers, 15N-NMR is entering the field of routine investigation. Nevertheless, in spite of these spectacular improvements, obtaining 15N spectra of diluted species or large biochemical molecules is often not very easy and a good knowledge of the relaxation properties pecu liar to 15N may be necessary in order to adjust the pulse sequences and the decoupler duty cycle correctly (Section 2).
| Author | : Willy Persson |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 492 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 3540479732 |
The Eighth International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy (EICOLS '87) was held at the Sunwing Hotel in A.re, Sweden, June 22-26; 1987. Fol lowing the traditions ef its predecessors at Vail, Megeve, Jackson Lake, Rottach-Egern, Jasper Park, Interlaken and Maui the intent of EICOLS '87 was to provide a forum for active scientists to meet in an informal at mosphere to discuss recent developments in laser spectroscopy. The scenic and remote location of the conference venue greatly stimulated a lively and relaxed exchange of information and ideas. The conference was attended by 227 scientists from 20 countries includ ing Australia, Austria, Canada, the People's Republic of China, Denmark, Finland, France, the Federal Repulic of Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, the Soviet Union, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The scientific program included 14 topical sessions with 50 invited talks, ranging in length from 20 to 40 minutes. About 70 additional in vited contributions were presented in two evening poster sessions. A third evening session included 4 oral and 18 poster post-deadline presentations.
| Author | : Robert R. Crichton |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 506 |
| Release | : 2019-09-10 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0444642269 |
Practical Approaches to Biological Inorganic Chemistry, Second Edition, reviews the use of spectroscopic and related analytical techniques to investigate the complex structures and mechanisms of biological inorganic systems that contain metals. Each chapter presents an overview of the technique, including relevant theory, a clear explanation of what it is, how it works, and how the technique is actually used to evaluate biological structures. New chapters cover Raman Spectroscopy and Molecular Magnetochemistry, but all chapters have been updated to reflect the latest developments in discussed techniques. Practical examples, problems and many color figures are also included to illustrate key concepts. The book is designed for researchers and students who want to learn both the basics and more advanced aspects of key methods in biological inorganic chemistry. - Presents new chapters on Raman Spectroscopy and Molecular Magnetochemistry, as well as updated figures and content throughout - Includes color images throughout to enable easier visualization of molecular mechanisms and structures - Provides worked examples and problems to help illustrate and test the reader's understanding of each technique - Written by leading experts who use and teach the most important techniques used today to analyze complex biological structures
| Author | : Meni Wanunu |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 411 |
| Release | : 2011-12-20 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1439839735 |
Since most therapeutic efforts have been predominantly focused on pharmaceuticals that target proteins, there is an unmet need to develop drugs that intercept cellular pathways that critically involve nucleic acids. Progress in the discovery of nucleic acid binding drugs naturally relies on the availability of analytical methods that assess the efficacy and nature of interactions between nucleic acids and their putative ligands. This progress can benefit tremendously from new methods that probe nucleic acid/ligand interactions both rapidly and quantitatively. A variety of novel methods for these studies have emerged in recent years, and Methods for Studying DNA/Drug Interactions highlights new and non-conventional methods for exploring nucleic acid/ligand interactions. Designed to present drug-developing companies with a survey of possible future techniques, the book compares their drawbacks and advantages with respect to commonly used tools. Perhaps more importantly, this book was written to inspire young scientists to continue to advance these methods into fruition, especially in light of current capabilities for assay miniaturization and enhanced sensitivity using microfluidics and nanomaterials.
