Challenges of Decoding Data in Spectroscopy, Reflectometry, X-Ray and Electron Diffraction

Challenges of Decoding Data in Spectroscopy, Reflectometry, X-Ray and Electron Diffraction
Author: Felix N. Chukhovskii
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Total Pages: 115
Release: 2022-08-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1527586057

This is the first book to present the direct method for solving the inverse problems in the X-ray multicomponent spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray diffraction tomography, grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray reflectometry of multilayer structures, and electron multibeam diffraction imaging. It considers the theory of numerical analysis of multivariate additive spectra of non-separable mixtures, and decodes data obtained using the X-ray diffraction tomography technique. The book also discusses the theory of high-resolution X-ray reflectometry (HRXR) of multilayer structures (MLS) based on the modified Parratt relationships for reflection and transmission coefficients and the phase problem in electron structural crystallography.

Mineralogical Crystallography

Mineralogical Crystallography
Author: Jakub Plášil
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2018
Genre: Crystallography
ISBN: 9780903056601

At the dawn of structural crystallography, Walther Friedrich, Paul Knipping and Max von Laue carried out the first experiments and developed the theory of X-ray diffraction. From the early days, when even the simpler inorganic structures filled an entire PhD study, structural crystallography evolved at its own pace and found new partners in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and other fields of physical sciences. Both morphological and structural crystallography, however, have remained as important instruments in the mineralogist's toolbox until today. Efforts to enhance the existing instrumentation, to improve our understanding of the theory of diffraction, to study nanoparticulate or poorly ordered materials, and to master large, complex structures continue in all fields of physical sciences. Mineralogy can thus use the fruits of this labour and include them in its toolbox.

Three Big Bangs

Three Big Bangs
Author: Holmes Rolston III
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Total Pages: 161
Release: 2010-10-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0231526849

By dividing the creation of matter, energy, life, and mind into three big bangs, Holmes Rolston III brings into focus a history of the universe that respects both scientific discovery and the potential presence of an underlying intelligence. Matter-energy appears, initially in simpler forms but with a remarkable capacity for generating heavier elements. The size and expansion rate of the universe, the nature of electromagnetism, gravity, and nuclear forces enable the the explosion of life on Earth. DNA discovers, stores, and transfers information generating billions of species. Cognitive capacities escalate, and with neural sentience this results in human genius. A massive singularity, the human mind gives birth to language and culture, increasing the brain's complexity and promoting the spread of ideas. Ideas generate ideals, which lead life to take on spirit. The nature of matter-energy, genes, and their genesis therefore encourages humans to wonder where they are, who they are, and what they should do.

Na-ion Batteries

Na-ion Batteries
Author:
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 386
Release: 2021-05-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1789450136

This book covers both the fundamental and applied aspects of advanced Na-ion batteries (NIB) which have proven to be a potential challenger to Li-ion batteries. Both the chemistry and design of positive and negative electrode materials are examined. In NIB, the electrolyte is also a crucial part of the batteries and the recent research, showing a possible alternative to classical electrolytes – with the development of ionic liquid-based electrolytes – is also explored. Cycling performance in NIB is also strongly associated with the quality of the electrode-electrolyte interface, where electrolyte degradation takes place; thus, Na-ion Batteries details the recent achievements in furthering knowledge of this interface. Finally, as the ultimate goal is commercialization of this new electrical storage technology, the last chapters are dedicated to the industrial point of view, given by two startup companies, who developed two different NIB chemistries for complementary applications and markets.

Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering

Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering
Author: G. L. Squires
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 273
Release: 2012-03-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1107644062

A long-awaited reprint of the book that has established itself as the classic textbook on neutron scattering. It will be an invaluable introductory text for students taking courses on neutron scattering, as well as for researchers and those who would like to deepen their knowledge on the subject through self-study.

Optical Coherence Tomography and Its Non-medical Applications

Optical Coherence Tomography and Its Non-medical Applications
Author: Michael Wang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 226
Release: 2020-05-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1789842611

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising non-invasive non-contact 3D imaging technique that can be used to evaluate and inspect material surfaces, multilayer polymer films, fiber coils, and coatings. OCT can be used for the examination of cultural heritage objects and 3D imaging of microstructures. With subsurface 3D fingerprint imaging capability, OCT could be a valuable tool for enhancing security in biometric applications. OCT can also be used for the evaluation of fastener flushness for improving aerodynamic performance of high-speed aircraft. More and more OCT non-medical applications are emerging. In this book, we present some recent advancements in OCT technology and non-medical applications.

Imaging in Dermatology

Imaging in Dermatology
Author: Michael R. Hamblin
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2016-07-29
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128028599

Imaging in Dermatology covers a large number of topics in dermatological imaging, the use of lasers in dermatology studies, and the implications of using these technologies in research. Written by the experts working in these exciting fields, the book explicitly addresses not only current applications of nanotechnology, but also discusses future trends of these ever-growing and rapidly changing fields, providing clinicians and researchers with a clear understanding of the advantages and challenges of laser and imaging technologies in skin medicine today, along with the cellular and molecular effects of these technologies. - Outlines the fundamentals of imaging and lasers for dermatology in clinical and research settings - Provides knowledge of current and future applications of dermatological imaging and lasers - Coherently structured book written by the experts working in the fields covered