Cerebral Blood Vessels
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Author | : Marilyn J. Cipolla |
Publisher | : Biota Publishing |
Total Pages | : 82 |
Release | : 2016-07-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1615047239 |
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Author | : Jerome Badaut |
Publisher | : Academic Press |
Total Pages | : 556 |
Release | : 2017-07-19 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0128031972 |
Brain Edema: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Practice brings together the most widely recognized experts in experimental and clinical brain edema research to review the current knowledge gathered on the molecular and cellular pathophysiology and clinical management of brain edema. This timely book also discusses future directions of research and treatment. Brain edema is an integral and acutely life-threatening part of the pathophysiology of multiple cerebral and non-cerebral disorders, including traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia, brain tumors, cardiac arrest, altitude sickness and liver failure. Affecting millions worldwide, research over the past few years has shown that a plethora of complex molecular and cellular mechanisms contribute to this pathological accumulation of water in the brain parenchyma. In parallel, the development of new neuroimaging tools has provided a new way to examine how edema develops longitudinally and in real time, both in pre-clinical models and in patients. Despite intense research over the past few decades, therapeutic options are still limited and sometimes not effective. - Presents a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in edema formation and resolution - Discusses the specific role of edema development in several pathologies, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, cardiac arrest, and liver failure - Proposes a new classification of edema based on molecular processes - Discusses clinical management of new clinical trials coming from pre-clinical studies - Addresses the possible link between edema formation, other molecular and cellular processes, including inflammation and neuroinflammation
Author | : Jeroen Hendrikse |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 168 |
Release | : 2017-05-02 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9811041482 |
Although many things can go wrong in the brain, this book also shows that our brain is strong. It highlights the key findings that can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, including those related to normal brain aging and common diseases such as brain infarcts, fractures of the skull as well as fractures and tumors of the vertebral column. It offers insights into brain MRI and CT scans, enabling readers to interpret the key findings.
Author | : Arun Gupta |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 427 |
Release | : 2018-06-21 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1316602524 |
This second edition presents core clinical neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care knowledge in a practical, user-friendly format.
Author | : Basil F. Matta |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 535 |
Release | : 2011-10-13 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1139499858 |
Core Topics in Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care is an authoritative and practical clinical text that offers clear diagnostic and management guidance for a wide range of neuroanesthesia and neurocritical care problems. With coverage of every aspect of the discipline by outstanding world experts, this should be the first book to which practitioners turn for easily accessible and definitive advice. Initial sections cover relevant anatomy, physiology and pharmacology, intraoperative and critical care monitoring and neuroimaging. These are followed by detailed sections covering all aspects of neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care in both adult and pediatric patients. The final chapter discusses ethical and legal issues. Each chapter delivers a state-of-the art review of clinical practice, including outcome data when available. Enhanced throughout with numerous clinical photographs and line drawings, this practical and accessible text is key reading for trainee and consultant anesthetists and critical care specialists.
Author | : Leonardo Pantoni |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 375 |
Release | : 2014-05 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1107031664 |
Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.
Author | : Andreas Unterberg |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 125 |
Release | : 2012-02-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9783709193044 |
Until recently, monitoring of cerebral blood flow and metabolism was an unattained goal. Determination of cerebral blood flow was limited to intermittent measurements and particularly difficult to perform in critically ill patients. Meanwhile there are techniques available, however, to monitor cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygenation, both globally and regionally. Therefore we thought it worthwhile to discuss these new continuous techniques and to compare them with well-known techniques which discontinuously measure CBF. For that purpose, an international workshop with some leading experts in the field was held in October 1992 in Berlin. The workshop consisted of about 20 lectures, either reviews on a special topic, or latest results. These contributions were given by invitation and were extensively discussed. Unfortunately it is impossible to reproduce the discussions. On the other hand, all speakers delivered a manuscript promptly after the meeting so that we were able to edit them within a short time. Since monitoring of cerebral blood flow in intensive care is a rapidly growing and changing topic, the written contributions should be quickly available. Authors, editors and publishers have tried to come close to this ideal. As editors we would like to thank the authors and the publishers who enabled us to come out with this volume of the proceedings as early as possible.
Author | : Matthew E. Cross |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 439 |
Release | : 2014-03-06 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1107615887 |
A quick reference to basic science for anaesthetists, containing all the key information needed for FRCA exams.
Author | : Sarah T. Pendlebury |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 407 |
Release | : 2009-02-19 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0521735122 |
Accessible handbook covering the investigation, diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes.
Author | : David R. Riddle |
Publisher | : CRC Press |
Total Pages | : 413 |
Release | : 2007-04-19 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1420005529 |
Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur