Central Cholinergic Mechanisms And Adaptive Dysfunctions
Download Central Cholinergic Mechanisms And Adaptive Dysfunctions full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online free Central Cholinergic Mechanisms And Adaptive Dysfunctions ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author | : Man Singh |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 544 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1468412183 |
Although serious interest in studying the role of central cho linergic processes in psychopathology is just beginning to emerge, experimental literature on the part played by cholinergic mechanisms in brain behavior. reiations is quite extensive. During the past thirty years, cholinergic research has contributed significantly to the characterization and differentiation of adaptive mechanisms in volved in input selection, perception, cortical, autonomic and behav ioral activation, learning, memory, and inhibitory control of behav ioral outputs. To say that dysfunction of one or more of these mech anisms may be at the root of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schiz ophrenia would be stating the obvious. This book examines the part cholinergic processes might play in dysfunctions of the adaptive processes involved in higher brain func tions and their significance for the pathogenesis, classification, etiology, and treatment of psychopathological conditions. In a series of wide ranging reviews of the available information, the subject is discussed from a variety of perspectives, using data derived from both experimental and clinical research. The purpose is not so much to determine whether cholinergic excess or deficiency is causal in this or that neuropsychiatric syndrome, but rather to try to understand the disease mechanisms in terms of adaptive processes in which cholinergic systems seem to play an important part.
Author | : Man Singh |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 424 |
Release | : 1985-01-01 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781468412192 |
Author | : |
Publisher | : National Academies |
Total Pages | : 118 |
Release | : 1982 |
Genre | : Anticholinesterase |
ISBN | : |
Author | : National Library of Medicine (U.S.) |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1728 |
Release | : 1985 |
Genre | : Medicine |
ISBN | : |
Author | : J.C. Crabbe Jr. |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 393 |
Release | : 2013-11-11 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 1489920676 |
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The use of genetic animal models in neuroscience and biomedical research is showing dramatic growth. The earliest application of these models to research on drug mechanisms was in the area of alcohol research. Mardones (1951) reported successful selective breeding of rats preferring and not preferring to drink alcohol under various conditions of dietary deficiency, suggesting genetic control of alcohol drinking. McClearn and Rodgers (1959, 1961) described differences among inbred mouse strains in preference for 10Ofo ethanol solutions versus tap water. Active exploration of this phenomenon continued until the early 1970s, eventually spawning the entire range of alcohol genetic research reviewed in Chapters 2 and 3 of this volume. Notably, oral alcohol self-administration has served as the basis for the development of several rat lines bred for preference or aversion, and these lines are very actively being investigated. The pioneering research of Dr. McClearn and others was very wide ranging in its conceptual scope and at least touched on all issues currently under intense investigation. The basic approach was to identify high and low preferrers among inbred strains of mice and to search for preference correlates in other traits. One major thrust of early research was to attempt to explain strain differences in preference as a function of underlying differences in patterns of caloric utilization. Reviews of these studies concluded that nutritional factors could not completely explain preference differences (Rod gers, 1966; McClearn, 1968).
Author | : G.M. Hockey |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 445 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 9400944489 |
The central theme of this book is the role of energetical factors in the regulation of human information processing activity. This is a restatement of one of the classic problems of psychology - that of acc ounting for motivational or intensive aspects of behaviour, as opposed to structural or directional aspects. The term "energetics" was first used in the 1930's by Freeman, Duffy and others, following Cannon's energy mobilization view of emotion and motivation. The original concept had a limited life, probably because of its unnecessary focus on relativ ely peripheral processes, but it provided the foundations for the con cepts of "arousal" and "activation" which became the popular motivational constructs of the 1950's and 1960's. Now, these too are found wanting. The original assumptions of a unitary, non-specific process based on activation of the brain stem reticular formation have been shown to be misleading. Current work in neurobiology has demonstrated evidence of discrete neurotransmitter systems having quite specific information processing functions, and central roles in the regulation of behaviour. Even the venerable curvilinear relationship between motivation and per formance (the Yerkes-Dodson law) has been shown to be, at best, an unhelpful oversimplification. On a different front psychophysiologists have found complex patterns in the response of different bodily systems to external stressors and to task demands.
Author | : D.E. Casey |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 368 |
Release | : 2013-03-12 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 364270140X |
Papers Presented at an International Symposium, Held in 1984 at Kollekolle, Denmark
Author | : Michael Potegal |
Publisher | : Psychology Press |
Total Pages | : 369 |
Release | : 2013-06-17 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 1134758944 |
Aggression usually involves a sequence of behaviors, reflecting escalations and de-escalations in the form or intensity of the actions taken, which play out over time. This book provides a context in which social and biological research on the aggressive behaviors of human and non-human subjects, interacting in dyads or groups, can be compared and integrated. Implicit in this juxtaposition is the major question of whether general principles governing the dynamics of aggression within and between episodes may be discerned. Aggressive behavior is described at different levels of analysis in humans and a number of other animal species. Three basic views of aggression dynamics become apparent: * The economic interpretation: Aggression will be escalated when it pays one of the combatants to do so or, more generally, when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Decisions to escalate or de-escalate are part of a calculated "strategy", in one or another sense. This interpretation is formalized within game theoretic models as applied to animal conflicts and to international conflicts, within the chapters of this text. * The psychological process interpretation: Emphasis is placed on psychological/physiological processes within the individual. The chapters stress the importance of acute emotional states of anger and aggressive arousal and argue the role of peripheral sympathetic activation, while proposing a central neural mechanism. Children escalating their tantrums, adult humans and animals of other species intensifying their interpersonal conflicts, national leaders going to a war footing all appear to suffer a narrowing of attention and progressive failure of cognitive function under the intensifying stress of conflict. Perhaps these changes in attention, sensory and cognitive functions, and risk taking reflect a "commitment to aggression" which is necessary for organisms to engage in potentially dangerous and painful encounters. * The emergent process interpretation: Escalation emerges in a spontaneous and dynamic way as the actions of one participant elicit reactions from the other(s).
Author | : V. Hamilton |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 447 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 9400927924 |
This book presents the contributions of the members of an Advanced Research Workshop on Cogni ti ve Science Perspectives on Emotion, Motivation and Cognition. The Workshop, funded mainly by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, together with a contribution from the (British) Economic and Social Research Council, was conducted at II Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 21-27 June 1987. The venue for our discussions was ideal: a quiet holiday hotel, 500m high in the Apennine mountain range, approached by a mile of perilously steep, winding narrow road. The isolation was conducive to concentrated discussions on the topics of the Workshop. The reason for the Workshop was a felt need for researchers from disparate but related approaches to cognition, emotion, and motivation to communicate their perspectives and arguments to one another. To take just one example, the framework of information processing and the metaphor of mind as a computer has wrought a major revolution in psychological theories of cogni tion. That framework has radically altered the way psychologists conceptualize perception, memory, language, thought, and action. Those advances have formed the intellectual substrate for the "cognitive science" perspective on mental life.
Author | : F S K Barar |
Publisher | : S. Chand Publishing |
Total Pages | : 639 |
Release | : 2000-10 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 8121904447 |
This comprehensive and well-written book presents the fundamental concepts of Pharmacotherapeutics, aiming at the safe and effective use of drugs in the treatment of disease. It is interdisciplinary in its approach and provides a basis for understanding the actions and uses of drugs in man. It is written in a simple and easy-to-understand language. The text is divided into sixteen chapters