Excerpt from Cements, Limes and Plasters: Their Materials, Manufacture and Properties Of all the non-metallic structural materials in use by the engineer, the most important at the present day are those included under the head of Cementing Materials, using that term in its broadest sense to include not only the hydraulic cements proper, but the limes, plasters, and allied materials. This importance is due in large part to the advances which have been made, in American practice, in the methods of manufacturing these products, for these advances in technology have resulted in supplying the engineer with uniform and high-grade cementing materials at prices low enough to permit of great increase in their uses. In consequence of this growth of the industries based on cementing materials an extensive literature on the subject has developed. This literature is, however, widely scattered through the pages of many technical and scientific journals and transactions, and no adequate summary of the matter from an American point of view has yet appeared. The present volume is the result of an attempt to provide such a summary, covering the composition and character of, the raw materials, the methods of manufacture, and the properties of the various cementing materials. In a work of this scope many points of interest can only be suggested, not discussed in detail. For the convenience of those who wish to make further studies of such subjects, very complete reference lists have been placed in almost every chapter of this volume. These lists necessarily contain the names of some papers and articles published in European periodicals or transactions, but most of the titles, cited will be found to be from readily accessible American journals. A working engineer rarely has at his command an extensive technical library, so that references to the proceedings of some German scientific; society are apt to prove a vexation rather than an aid. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.