Bürgerinitiativen in Großbritannien und Deutschland - Welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die Politik in ihren Staaten?

Bürgerinitiativen in Großbritannien und Deutschland - Welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die Politik in ihren Staaten?
Author: Monika Berger-Lenz
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 30
Release: 2007-06-23
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 363880478X

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Politik - Politische Systeme allgemein und im Vergleich, Note: 1,3, FernUniversität Hagen, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Partizipation ist in der Politikwissenschaft ein wichtiges Forschungsfeld. Konventionelle Partizipationsformen sind die Wahlbeteiligung, die Partizipation in Parteien und Gewerkschaften und die Übernahme von politischen Ämtern in Parlamenten und Regierungen. Schwer zu quantifizierende Partizipationsformen sind unkonventionelle, weniger institutionalisierte oder auch illegale Formen der Partizipation. Zu nennen sind hier Bürgerinitiativen, das Mitwirken in Verbänden, Vereinen und in den neuen sozialen Bewegungen, diskursive Praktiken, Demonstrationen, Streiks und Besetzungen. In dieser Hausarbeit sollen Bürgerinitiativen, im folgenden als BI bezeichnet, als Partizipationsform in Großbritannien und Deutschland näher untersucht, ihre institutionellen Bedingungen verglichen werden. Bürgerinitiativen in Demokratien - auf den ersten Blick und den Idealfall voraussetzend sollten sie kaum eine Berechtigung haben. Denn die Parlamente werden vom Volk gewählt, das somit seinen Willen kundtut. Die parlamentarische Demokratie ist eine Form der repräsentativen Demokratie: die gewählten Volksvertreter repräsentieren das Volk. Die repräsentative Demokratie ist die Alternativform zur direkten Demokratie, bei der das Staatsvolk unmittelbar die grundlegenden politischen Entscheidungen in Abstimmungen trifft. Diese gibt es derzeit in Europa lediglich in der Schweiz. Allerdings kennen auch parlamentarische Demokratien einzelne Fälle von Entscheidungen des Wahlvolks in Volksabstimmungen. Eine parlamentarische Demokratie kann sowohl eine Republik (z.B. Deutschland, Ungarn) wie auch eine Monarchie (z.B. die Niederlande, Spanien, Großbritannien) sein. In der Praxis ist es häufig so, dass der Willen der Bürger ignoriert oder nicht ernst genommen, teilweise als lästig empfunden wird. Hier gibt es kaum einen Unterschied zwischen den westlichen Demokratien. Bürger, die ihre Ziele durchsetzen wollen, müssen politisch direkt aktiv werden. BI sind dabei in Westeuropa besonders zahlreich. Die auffällige Ausnahme bildet Großbritannien. Im Gegensatz zu Deutschland, Frankreich und Österreich ist die Zahl der BI hier recht klein. Aus diesem Grund erfolgt der Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und Großbritannien. Worin liegt der Unterschied, welche Voraussetzungen, Ziele, Taktiken, Funktion und Mittel der Einflussnahme haben BI in beiden Staaten. Unter welchen Bedingungen entstehen BI, wie haben sie sich entwickelt und welchen Einfluss haben sie auf die Politik. Hier spielt das unterschiedliche Regierungssystem eine große Rolle. Für einen entsprechenden Vergleich bieten sich die Vorgaben von Arend Lijphart1 an. Er zieht zehn Variablen zum Vergleich von Demokratien heran, die er in die Exekutive-Parteien-Dimension und die Föderalismus-Unitarismus-Dimension unterteilt. Mit Hilfe dieser Punkte soll ein Vergleich zwischen den Regierungssystemen Großbritanniens und Deutschlands gezogen werden. Sodann sollen die unterschiedlichen Bedingungen für die Einflussmöglichkeiten von BI in diesen beiden Ländern dargelegt werden.

A History of Twentieth-Century Germany

A History of Twentieth-Century Germany
Author: Ulrich Herbert
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 1088
Release: 2019-08-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 0190070668

Germany in the 20th century endured two world wars, a failed democracy, Hitler's dictatorship, the Holocaust, and a country divided for 40 years after World War II. But it has also boasted a strong welfare state, affluence, liberalization and globalization, a successful democracy, and the longest period of peace in European history. A History of Twentieth-Century Germany provides a survey of German history during a century of extremes. Ulrich Herbert sees German history in the 20th century as determined by two contradictory perspectives. On one hand, there are the world wars and great catastrophes that divide the country's history into two parts-before and after 1945. Germany is the birthplace of radical ideologies of the left and right and the only country in which each ideology became the foundation of government. This pattern left its stamp on both the first and second halves of the century. On the other hand, the rise of modern industrial society led to decades of conflict over the social and political order regardless of which political system was in force. Considering these contradictory developments, Herbert tackles the questions of both the collapse in the first half of the century and the development from a post-fascist, ruined society to one of the most stable liberal democracies in the world in the latter half. Herbert's analysis brings together wars and terror, utopia and politics, capitalism and the welfare state, socialism and liberal democratic society, gender and generations, culture and lifestyles, European integration and globalization. The resulting book sets a standard by which historians of the period will be measured in the future.

Public Governance and Leadership

Public Governance and Leadership
Author: Rainer Koch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 588
Release: 2007-11-03
Genre: Law
ISBN: 383509100X

In this book, internationally renowned scholars and practitioners elaborate on political as well as managerial questions, e.g. how to make overriding Public Governance changes the ’guiding model’ for a now needed stronger strategic approach. More specifically, their focus is on how moves towards a re-positioning as an enabling authority are to be made drivers for adapting management systems across all levels. In accordance with present developments, the authors explain how changes in the overall governance structure have to be used to adapt leadership practices in a more output-oriented or even entrepreneurial fashion. Overall, the underlying idea is to provide some further basics for a public sector type of a design-oriented management science.

Monitoring the EU Accession Process

Monitoring the EU Accession Process
Author: EU Accession Monitoring Program
Publisher: Monitoring the EU Accession Press
Total Pages: 452
Release: 2002
Genre: Political Science
ISBN:

Eumpa has published monitoring reports highlighting specific areas in which state performance conforms to, or fails short of, broadly accepted international standards. These two volumes monitor access to education and employment for people with intellectual disabilities in 15 European countries and make recommendations on how people with intellectual disabilities can be more fully integrated into community life. The summary report is a condense version of the two full volumes.

Deutsch, na klar!

Deutsch, na klar!
Author: Robert Di Donato
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities, Social Sciences & World Languages
Total Pages: 0
Release: 1998-10
Genre: German language
ISBN: 9780072288636

This lively, beginning German text is the perfect choice for those who want to move in a more communicative direction without abandoning a focus on grammar. Deutsch: Na Klar! uses a solid four-skills approach with a difference: the vocabulary, grammar, and reading sections are integrated with authentic materials, allowing students to learn language and culture simultaneously. German materials (advertisements, menus, newspaper articles, etc.) are used to present new vocabulary, introduce grammar points, and launch communicative activities. A listening-comprehension tape is tied to the text-book to help students improve listening skills.

The Marketplace of Print

The Marketplace of Print
Author: Alexandra Halasz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2006-12-14
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 9780521034708

Early modern pamphlets serve as an important vehicle for examining the print culture of the time, and especially the developing entanglement between technology and capitalism. Combining close readings of pamphlets by Robert Greene, Thomas Nashe, Thomas Deloney and others with a discussion of the history and deployment of print technology, The Marketplace of Print is both a work of historical recovery and a reflection on the ongoing relationship between the marketplace and the public sphere.

Thinking about Democracy

Thinking about Democracy
Author: Arend Lijphart
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 317
Release: 2007-10-10
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 1135980306

This book draws on Professor Arend Lijphart’s lifetime experience of research and publication in democracy and comparative politics and collects together for the first time his most significant and influential work.

Reshaping the German Right

Reshaping the German Right
Author: Geoff Eley
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
Total Pages: 424
Release: 1991
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780472081325

Examines the conditions under which a particular right-wing ideology was generated

Participation and Political Equality

Participation and Political Equality
Author: Sidney Verba
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 440
Release: 1978-10-31
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780521219051

In this survey of political participation in seven nations - Nigeria, Austria, Japan, India, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia and the United States - the authors examine the relationship between social, economic, and educational factors and political participation. The book provides insight into an ongoing debate among political scientists and sociologist: why is political participation in some nations distributed evenly across economic, social, and educational lines, whereas other nations foster participation only by their privileged classes? The book treats politics not only as a dependent variable influenced by socioeconomic factors, but also as an independent variable that affects levels of political participation through variations in party systems and linkages between parties and other organizations.

TransArea

TransArea
Author: Ottmar Ette
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 312
Release: 2016-07-11
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 3110477793

Ottmar Ette’s TransArea proceeds from the thesis that globalization is not a recent phenomenon, but rather, a process of long duration that may be divided into four main phases of accelerated globalization. These phases connect our present, across the world’s widely divergent modern eras, to the period of early modern history. Ette demonstrates how the literatures of the world make possible a tangible perception of that which constitutes Life, both of our planet and on our planet, which may only be understood through the application of multiple logics. There is no substitute for the knowledge of literature: it is the knowledge of life, from life. This English translation will be of great interest to English-speaking scholars in the fields of Global and Area Studies, Literary Studies, Cultural Studies, History, Political Science, and many more. About the author Ottmar Ette has been Chair of Romance Literature at the University of Potsdam, Germany, since 1995. He is Honorary Member of the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) (elected in 2014), member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (elected in 2013), and regular member of the Academia Europaea (since 2010).