The Physical Effects of Conventional Explosions on the Ocean Environment

The Physical Effects of Conventional Explosions on the Ocean Environment
Author: George Anthony Young
Publisher:
Total Pages: 78
Release: 1970
Genre: Explosives, Military
ISBN:

Current knowledge of the physical effects of underwater explosions on the environment is summarized, with particular attention to the heating of water, the mixing of explosion products with water, and cratering. Theory and data indicate that thermal effects on the environment are negligible because rapid turbulent mixing reduces any temperature excess to a negligible amount within minutes. Virtually no data are available on the mixing of explosion products with water and air. However, information on the bubble and surface phenomena of underwater explosions has been utilized to provide qualitative guidance concerning the distributions immediately after a test. Existing theories of turbulent diffusion can be applied to calculate the subsequent history of the products. Knowledge of the physical effects of bottom explosions on the environment is limited to crater measurements in shallow water and some data on the behavior of explosion bubbles in deep water. Suggested programs to fill gaps in current knowledge are outlined. (Author).

Intense Explosions at the Air-water Interface

Intense Explosions at the Air-water Interface
Author: Richard Collins
Publisher:
Total Pages: 33
Release: 1964
Genre:
ISBN:

The problem of a point explosion detonated at the interface between two different media, for example, at the ocean surface, is formulated. It is proposed to solve the problem by considering a linear perturbation of the similarity solutions developed for a point explosion in the spherically symmetric case. (Author).

AIR BLAST PHENOMENA IN AN ARCTIC CLIMATE.

AIR BLAST PHENOMENA IN AN ARCTIC CLIMATE.
Author: L. F. INGRAM
Publisher:
Total Pages: 1
Release: 1962
Genre:
ISBN:

Army Research Office, Office of the Chief, Research and Development, Washington, D.C. AIR BLAST PHENOMENA IN ARC IC CLIMATE, by L.F. Ingram. 1962, 9p. incl. illus. U classified rep rt Paper presented at the 1962 Army Science Conference, 20-22 June 1962, at the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York. DESCRIPTORS: *TNT, *Explosions, *Blast, Explosives, Shock waves, Pressure, Snow, Time, Measurement, Energy, Absorption, Reflection, Greenland, De onation, Arctic regions. In 1960, 4- and 32-lb TNT spheres were fired at scaled burst heights over natural and processed snow on the Greenland Ice Cap Camp Fistclench where the snow cover is 100 ft deep. Air-blast pressure-time easurements were made at the surface to obtain height-of-burst infor ation and at several elevations above the surface to determine Mach-triple-point loci. Surface pressure measurements were made at reduced horizontal distances. Pressure da a were obtained for the range 2- to 100-psi peak overpressure. Results show t t: (a) considerable energy is absorbed by snow; (b) snow cannot be regarded as an id al r flecting medium; and (c) the Mach stem formation over snow is not essentially different from t at over a rigid boundary. (Author).