Universally recognised as by far the most authoritative work ever published on the subject, The Birds of Africa is a superb multi-contributor reference work, with encyclopaedic species texts, stunning paintings of all species and numerous subspecies, hundreds of informative line drawings, detailed range maps, and extensive bibliographies. Each volume contains an Introduction that brings the reader up to date with the latest developments in African ornithology, including the evolution and biogeography of African birds. Diagnoses of the families and genera, often with superspecies maps, are followed by the comprehensive species accounts themselves. These include descriptions of range and status, field characters, voice, general habits, food, and breeding habits. Full bibliographies, acoustic references, and indexes complete this scholarly work of reference. This second volume in the series deals comprehensively with the guineafowl, francolins, buttonquails, rails, cranes, finfoot, bustards, jacanas, painted-snipe, Crab Plover, oystercatchers, stilits and avocets, thick-knees, coursers and pratincoles, plovers and lapwings, sandpipers and allies, skuas, gulls, terns, skimmers, auks, sandgrouse and pigeons. The editors and artists have worked closely with other authors - all acknowledged experts in their field - to produce a superb reference in which comprehensive texts on every species are complemented by accurate and detailed paintings and drawings of the birds themselves.