Malaria control and eradication have achieved noteworthy successes in such diverse areas as Venezuela and Taiwan. However, in many portions of the world malaria control has reached a state of stagnation and even retreat. The reasons are manifold but in the main arise from problems which have been evident in the biology of the parasite and the anopheline vector. The discovery of resistance to drugs and insecticides serves to amplify these problems. Breakdowns of antimalaria programs based on vector control have been especially serious in Africa. It is not always clear why these campaigns fail or what can be done about it now. Prospects for future control may improve provided further research is accomplished. As a means of delineating the present status of the biology and control of malaria vectors and providing a platform for the discussion of areas for further study which may provide practical means of interrupting transmission by controlling or eradicating the vector, a Conference on Anopheline Biology and Malaria Eradication was organized. It is hoped that the recommendations which developed from this conference will stimulate further entomological research along those channels which appeared to be most promising to the conferees.