Biogeochemical Consequences Of Converting Corn Into Rice Fields
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Author | : Jennifer Eliza Morris |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781321212426 |
The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, U.S) has undergone soil loss due to subsidence since the peat lands were drained for agricultural use in the mid 1800's. The N2O emissions from a corn field on Twitchell Island, representing a common crop in the area, were quantified and compared to CH4 and N2O emissions from an adjacent rice paddy from 2010 to 2012. A nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate trial was conducted in the rice paddy in 2012 to test the hypothesis that increasing N rates would increase CH4 and N2O emissions. Additionally, the contributions of rice plants to soil C pools and subsequent CH4 emmissions was determined using a 13C pulse-labeling experiment carried out at reproductive growth (RG) and grain filling (GF) stages within the N rate trial. In the corn field, integrated N2O emission was quantified as 6.90, 10.40 and 5.03 kg N/ha for 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. For rice, integrated N2O emissions were 9.0, 4.80, and 5.78 kg N/ha, with integrated CH4 of 227.2, 38.7, and 133.82 kg C/ha for 2010, 2011, and 2012. Conversion to rice did not increase the GWP from N2O emissions, but it did increase GWP from CH4 emissions. In the rice field, GHG emissions and GWP were reduced after the first year. In the fertilizer rate trial, N rates had no effect on total CH4 and N2O emissions and GWP, with soil N mineralization likely providing enough N in the system. The 13C labeling experiment showed no effect of N treatment on the contribution of rice plants to porewater CH4 (pCH4), emitted CH4, and DOC, however, the higher nitrogen application rates of 160 resulted in greater plant contribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) than the 80 N rate in event 1. Plant derived carbon contributed up to 27% and 74% of emitted and porewater CH4, respectively, up to 9.1% to DOC, and from 13 to 78% towards DIC. Variations in plant contribution to these multiple pools reflected shifts in growing stages and changes in soil water levels. In all treatments, while positive N2O fluxes were observed, soils proved to be a weak net sink with an average of -0.199 mg N2O-N m−2 day−1. Methane emissions were highly variable but consistently positive with average emissions of 73.5 mg CH4 -C m−2 day−1. Contradicting our expectations, emissions of N2O and CH4 were not affected by nitrogen fertilization rates in this high organic matter soil.
Author | : Yu Yang |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 353 |
Release | : 2022-04-12 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1119480345 |
MULTI-SCALE BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN SOIL ECOSYSTEMS Provides a state-of-the-art overview of research in soil biogeochemical processes and strategies for greenhouse gas mitigation under climate change Food security and soil health for the rapidly growing human population are threatened by increased temperature and drought, soil erosion and soil quality degradation, and other problems caused by human activities and a changing climate. Because greenhouse gas emission is the primary driver of climate change, a complete understanding of the cycles of carbon and major nutritional elements is critical for developing innovative strategies to sustain agricultural development and environmental conservation. Multi-Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems: Critical Reactions and Resilience to Climate Changes is an up-to-date overview of recent research in soil biogeochemical processes and applications in ecosystem management. Organized into three parts, the text examines molecular-scale processes and critical reactions, presents ecosystem-scale studies of ecological hotspots, and discusses large-scale modeling and prediction of global biogeochemical cycles. Part of the Wiley - IUPAC Series on Biophysico-Chemical Processes in Environmental Systems, this authoritative volume: Provides readers with a systematic and interdisciplinary approach to sustainable agricultural development and management of soil ecosystems in a changing climate Features contributions from an international team of leading scientists Examines topics such as soil organic matter stabilization, soil biogeochemistry modeling, and soil responses to environmental changes Discusses strategies for mitigating greenhouse gas emission and improving soil health and ecosystems resilience Includes an introduction to working across scales to project soil biogeochemical responses to climatic change Multi-Scale Biogeochemical Processes in Soil Ecosystems: Critical Reactions and Resilience to Climate Changes is essential reading for scientists, engineers, agronomists, chemists, biologists, academic researchers, consultants, and other professionals whose work involves the nutrient cycle, ecosystem management, and climate change.
Author | : K. R. Reddy |
Publisher | : CABI |
Total Pages | : 492 |
Release | : 2000-04-25 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9780851997094 |
Annotation. Worldwide climatic changes have been raising concerns about potential changes to crop yields and production systems. Such concerns include the ability to accommodate these uncertain effects in order to ensure an adequate food supply for an increasing population. Written by leadinginternational experts, this book is the first comprehensive examination of the potential effects climate change, particularly green house gases, will have on agroecosystems. It also reviews the effects such systems have on climate change itself.
Author | : Zifang Chi |
Publisher | : Frontiers Media SA |
Total Pages | : 169 |
Release | : 2024-09-23 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 2832554563 |
Given the success of Volume I of this Research Topic, and how rapidly the subject area is evolving, we are pleased to announce the launch of Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, Volume II. You can check Volume I here: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/37506/microbial-ecological-and-biogeochemical-processes-in-the-soil-vadose-zone-groundwater-habitats Microorganisms regulate biogeochemical cycles and serve various functions within the soil, vadose zone, and groundwater habitats. Microbial communities are sensitive to environmental changes and can respond to them rapidly. The composition and function of these microorganisms in different habitats can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, which affect biochemical processes and ecosystem functions. Therefore, to develop a healthy-stable-sustainable ecosystem, this research topic focuses on microbial ecological and biogeochemical processes in the soil-vadose zone-groundwater habitat.
Author | : Shiv Vendra Singh |
Publisher | : Elsevier |
Total Pages | : 601 |
Release | : 2024-06-22 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0443155070 |
Biochar Production for Green Economy: Agricultural and Environmental Perspectives addresses the advancements and developments for the efficient diversification of biochar toward achieving improved agricultural and environmental benefits. This comprehensive and cohesive volume is the first to address the potential multi-and transdisciplinary opportunities of effective biochar production and use. Including the potential applicability of not only crop waste biochar but weeds, agroforestry, agroindustry, municipal waste, as well chapters explore surface modified, enriched or tailored biochar for soil amendment, GHGs mitigation, bioremediation of organic, inorganic, metals and other emerging pollutants, as well as soil remediation. It also covers the trending multidisciplinary approaches of nanotechnology, surface chemistry and thermal decomposition advancements being adopted for capacity enhancement and versatile applicability in the field of agriculture, environment science and green energy synthesis. Composition and characteristics of tailored biochar, their interactions, and transformation into the soil and water ecosystem are illustrated. This book is a valuable resource for those pursuing biochar related areas as well as those seeking environmentally sustainable solutions to crop, soil or water issues. - Includes aspects of advancement in pyrolysis techniques to produce cost-effective, high quality pyrolysis products and their multipurpose applications - Highlights biochar's role in boosting the circular bioeconomy, carbon footprint, GHGs mitigation, and environmental sustainability high-quality visual representation - Compiles the trending multidisciplinary approach of nanotechnology, magnetic field, surface tailoring, and engineering for efficient and sustainable development goals
Author | : Heinz Rennenberg |
Publisher | : MDPI |
Total Pages | : 294 |
Release | : 2019-10-01 |
Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | : 3039215140 |
As sessile organisms, plants have to cope with a multitude of natural and anthropogenic forms of stress in their environment. Due to their longevity, this is of particular significance for trees. As a consequence, trees develop an orchestra of resilience and resistance mechanisms to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to support their growth and development in a constantly changing atmospheric and pedospheric environment. The objective of this Special Issue of Forests is to summarize state-of-art knowledge and report the current progress on the processes that determine the resilience and resistance of trees from different zonobiomes as well as all forms of biotic and abiotic stress from the molecular to the whole tree level.
Author | : Suhaib A. Bandh |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 335 |
Release | : 2023-01-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9811958378 |
This book provides a detailed coverage of how the circular economy aims to change the paradigm in relation to the linear economy, by limiting the environmental impact and waste of resources, as well as increasing efficiency at all stages of the product economy. It serves as the sole comprehensive overview of the role of biofuels in the circular economy. It contains updated information on the latest trends of techno-economic analysis of biofuels, economic transitions, low-carbon economies, green circular societies, and life cycle assessment of biofuels. This book delves deep into the economic security of the poor as well as the nexus between biofuel industry and global trade bodies, making it one of the few introductory books without bias toward the contribution of biofuels in circular economy. With its diverse contributions on themes such as biofuels as potential alternatives to fossil fuels, biofuel economics and policies; biofuel standards, blending, and future insecurities; economic transitions from biomass to biofuels; and biofuel economy, development, and food security, the book would be a great resource for a wide and multi-disciplinary readership base ranging from researchers to academics, policy makers, innovators, corporates, and non-profit organizations working in this area.
Author | : O. van Cleemput |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 666 |
Release | : 2012-12-06 |
Genre | : Nature |
ISBN | : 9401154503 |
This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.
Author | : Brian G. Katz |
Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 2020-06-16 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 1119513960 |
Finalist for the 2021 PROSE Award for Environmental Science! An integrated approach to understanding and mitigating the problem of excess nitrogen Human activities generate large amounts of excess nitrogen, which has dramatically altered the nitrogen cycle. Reactive forms of nitrogen, especially nitrate and ammonia, are particularly detrimental. Given the magnitude of the problem, there is an urgent need for information on reactive nitrogen and its effective management. Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs presents an integrated, multidisciplinary review of alterations to the nitrogen cycle over the past century and the wide-ranging consequences of nitrogen-based pollution, especially to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Volume highlights include: Comprehensive background information on the nitrogen cycle Detailed description of anthropogenic nitrogen sources Review of the environmental, economic, and health impacts of nitrogen pollution Recommendations and strategies for reducing humanity's nitrogen footprint Discussion of national nitrogen footprints and worldwide examples of mitigation policies The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/exploring-the-widespread-impacts-of-ongoing-nitrogen-pollution
Author | : Étienne Yergeau |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG |
Total Pages | : 218 |
Release | : 2019-10-21 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3110525364 |
This book will highlight advanced techniques that were recently used for studying microorganisms in extreme environments. Recent technological leaps in the study of microorganisms in the environment now make it possible to comprehensively study microbes in the environment. Extreme environments could benefit from the application of these techniques, but many challenges such as low biomass, low activity and slow growth has prevented their wide adoption. This book will review recent application of state-of-the-art techniques in extreme environments, helping researcher and graduate students get a better knowledge of the tools available.