El Carmen Church in present-day Losyoa, Texas was constructed over the burial crypt of Spanish royalist soldiers who died at the Battle of Medina in 1813. This battle, the largest ever fought in Texas, decisively ended the First Republic of Texas and allowed Spain to maintain colonial control over Texas and Mexico. In 1817 a chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Mt. Carmel. "El Carmen" was constructed at the site by order of Joaquin de Arredondo, the Commander of Spanish forces at Medina, who credited his victory to the intercession of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel. The chapel developed into a fully functional mission church on the south bank of the Medina River in southern Bexar County, Texas by 1854. In the 1870s,the first bishop of San Antonio A.D. Pellicer constructed theVilla del Carmen, a Catholic colony adjacent to the church. Publshed during is bicentennial year of 2017, this volume contains records with an index of nearly 20,000 names essential for the historian or genealogist of early Texas.