In the Victorian and Edwardian era, history was one of the most prized forms of cultural and intellectual activity: it was, quite simply, the lens through which most of the educated population understood human society. Historians and the Church of England uncovers for the first time the extent to which this historical understanding was conditioned by religious ideas and institutions. Rejecting the traditional chronology of intellectual secularization, itcontends that the Church of England in particular remained an active force in the development of scholarship, leaving a deep impression on history just as it was becoming a modern discipline. It thereforechallenges readers to revise their understanding of the history of both historiography and religion in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.