Aztlan Origin and Ethnology

Aztlan Origin and Ethnology
Author: Alfredo A. Figueroa
Publisher: Alfredo A. Figueroa
Total Pages:
Release: 2017-05-10
Genre:
ISBN: 9780996214759

Aztlán is the mystical place of origin of the Mexica people. It is beyond a mere physical location. Aztlán has become a metaphoric, geographic, historical and spiritual home to millions of Indigenous people of North America.Aztlán was in fact mystical and not mythical as portrayed by the established mainstream teachings. Historians and investigators were always looking for Aztlán in Mesoamerica. Aztlán remained elusive primarily due to lack of scientific cross-reference study of the Mexica codex, artifacts and sacred ruins from Mexico with the lower Colorado River Basin intaglios, geoglyphs, petroglyphs, pictographs, mountains images, equinoxes, solstices, local Native songs language and folklore.

Aztlán

Aztlán
Author: Charles River
Publisher:
Total Pages: 76
Release: 2021-07-14
Genre:
ISBN:

*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading "Who were the Aztec and from whence-it is answered in their mythico-histories. Like all other such origin myths, these differ in detail, not in basic content...And so, the Aztec they found in a cave the Hummingbird Wizard, the famous Huitzilopochtli...The idol gave them advice. It sounded well: wander, look for lands, avoid any large-scale fighting, send pioneers ahead, have them plant maize, when the harvest is ready move up to it; keep me, Huitzilopochtli, always with you, carrying me like a banner, feed me on human hearts torn from the recently sacrificed...All of which the Aztec did." - Victor W. Von Hagen From the moment Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortés first found and confronted them, the Aztecs have fascinated the world, and they continue to hold a unique place both culturally and in pop culture. Nearly 500 years after the Spanish conquered their mighty empire, the Aztecs are often remembered today for their major capital, Tenochtitlan, as well as being fierce conquerors of the Valley of Mexico who often engaged in human sacrifice rituals. Unlike the Mayans, the Aztecs are not widely viewed or remembered with nuance, in part because their own leader burned extant Aztec writings and rewrote a mythologized history explaining his empire's dominance less than a century before the Spanish arrived. Naturally, Cortés and other Spaniards depicted the Aztecs as savages greatly in need of conversion to Catholicism, so while the Mayans are remembered for their astronomy, numeral system, and calendar, the Aztecs have primarily been remembered in a far narrower way, despite continuing to be a source of pride to Mexicans through the centuries. As a result, even though the Aztecs continue to interest people across the world centuries after their demise, it has fallen on archaeologists and historians to try to determine the actual history, culture, and lives of the Aztecs from the beginning to the end, relying on excavations, primary accounts, and more. One of the most elusive topics about the Aztecs concern their origins, in particular the city of Aztlán, which is said to be the place from which the Aztecs came. To this day, the physical location of Aztlán has yet to be found, leading to debates about where it could have been, or even whether it was simply a mythological location. For centuries, historians and archaeologists have studied ancient documents and codices in an attempt to physically locate this ancestral city, while other scholars maintain that Aztlán is nothing but an origin myth, and there is not enough evidence in the sources to suggest that it was ever a real place. Many theories about Aztlán have been proposed throughout the centuries, some strongly based on information provided by historical and archaeological evidence. Others are based purely on conjecture. There are even some who have suggested that Aztlán corresponds to the mythical Atlantis based on a series of similarities in the descriptions of both places. For example, Plato described Atlantis as a city built over a lake, just as Aztlán was said to be. Aztlán: The History and Mystery of the Aztec's Ancestral Home examines what is known and unknown about the Aztec's origins, from the mythological story explaining the Aztec's journey to Tenochtitlan to the search for Aztlán. Along with pictures and a bibliography for further reading, you will learn about Aztlán like never before.

Chicana!

Chicana!
Author: Alfredo Acosta Figueroa
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2021-09-30
Genre:
ISBN: 9780578986845

Figueroa provides in 'Chicana!' as he does in his previous works, "Ancient Footprints of the Colorado River," and "Aztlan: Origin and Ethnology," a factual substantiation of the origin of the term. Remi Simeon's Nahuatl Dictionary, has 'Chicana' with a different spelling: 'Chicaua,' meaning to enforce, solid, or fortified. The meaning of 'Chicana' is the same in Nahuatl. The temple walls in Mexico are the 'Chicana,' the defenders of the Creator's spiritual centers. Therefore, the term 'Chicana' did not originate in modern times, nor was it coined during the Civil Rights Movement. During the Chicano Movement, and the struggle to regain indigenous roots and seek the return to Aztlan, "Chicana" was more prevalent. Chicanos began to emulate their African American brothers in demanding their civil rights. During the 50s through the 70s, when the modern day resurgence of the Chicano Movement was at its peak, Chicanos became the vanguards of modern day struggles, demanding equality and union rights, constitutional, human and civil rights. The term Chicano can be found in numerous corridos from the early 1900s. Corridos (folklore) were the main source of oral history and entertainment and related stories of hardships, events, places, and tragedies. The term 'Chicana' can be found written on Spanish Maps of the continent of Anahuac, since 1556. The Bolognini Zaltieri Map has 'Chicana' located approximately where Puerto Penasco, Sonora, Mexico, is located on the Gulf of California. In the Aztec/Mexica cosmic archetype traditional culture, the term 'Chicana,' is associated with Mother Earth since time immemorial. The origin of the term 'Chicana' originates with the Creation Story, centered on the sacred sites located in the Lower Colorado River Basin Valleys, Palo Verde/Parker Valleys, and on the Big Maria Mountain Range (Coatepetl in Nahuatl) meaning snake mountain. The Ch- in 'Chicana' is articulated /ch/ in Spanish, and in Nahuatl it is written with an X for Xicana, Deciphered in Nahuatl, Xicana is 'Xi-xi-' means woman's breast, '-ca' means -calli/earth/house, and '-na' means the beginning of life on earth. Therefore, 'Chicana/Xicana' means the woman's womb, where life begins.

Aztl‡n and Arcadia

Aztl‡n and Arcadia
Author: Roberto Ramon Lint Sagarena
Publisher: NYU Press
Total Pages: 220
Release: 2014-08-22
Genre: Architecture
ISBN: 1479854905

In the wake of the Mexican-American War, competing narratives of religious conquest and re-conquest were employed by Anglo American and ethnic Mexican Californians to make sense of their place in North America. These "invented traditions" had a profound impact on North American religious and ethnic relations, serving to bring elements of Catholic history within the Protestant fold of the United States' national history as well as playing an integral role in the emergence of the early Chicano/a movement. Many Protestant Anglo Americans understood their settlement in the far Southwest as following in the footsteps of the colonial project begun by Catholic Spanish missionaries. In contrast, Californios--Mexican-Americans and Chicana/os--stressed deep connections to a pre-Columbian past over to their own Spanish heritage. Thus, as Anglo Americans fashioned themselves as the spiritual heirs to the Spanish frontier, many ethnic Mexicans came to see themselves as the spiritual heirs to a southwestern Aztec homeland.

Return to Aztlan

Return to Aztlan
Author: Danna A. Levin Rojo
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Total Pages: 475
Release: 2014-03-10
Genre: History
ISBN: 0806145609

Long before the Spanish colonizers established it in 1598, the “Kingdom of Nuevo México” had existed as an imaginary world—and not the one based on European medieval legend so often said to have driven the Spaniards’ ambitions in the New World. What the conquistadors sought in the 1500s, it seems, was what the native Mesoamerican Indians who took part in north-going conquest expeditions also sought: a return to the Aztecs’ mythic land of origin, Aztlan. Employing long-overlooked historical and anthropological evidence, Danna A. Levin Rojo reveals how ideas these natives held about their own past helped determine where Spanish explorers would go and what they would conquer in the northwest frontier of New Spain—present-day New Mexico and Arizona. Return to Aztlan thus remaps an extraordinary century during which, for the first time, Western minds were seduced by Native American historical memories. Levin Rojo recounts a transformation—of an abstract geographic space, the imaginary world of Aztlan, into a concrete sociopolitical place. Drawing on a wide variety of early maps, colonial chronicles, soldier reports, letters, and native codices, she charts the gradual redefinition of native and Spanish cultural identity—and shows that the Spanish saw in Nahua, or Aztec, civilization an equivalence to their own. A deviation in European colonial naming practices provides the first clue that a transformation of Aztlan from imaginary to concrete world was taking place: Nuevo México is the only place-name from the early colonial period in which Europeans combined the adjective “new” with an American Indian name. With this toponym, Spaniards referenced both Mexico-Tenochtitlan, the indigenous metropolis whose destruction made possible the birth of New Spain itself, and Aztlan, the ancient Mexicans’ place of origin. Levin Rojo collects additional clues as she systematically documents why and how Spaniards would take up native origin stories and make a return to Aztlan their own goal—and in doing so, overturns the traditional understanding of Nuevo México as a concept and as a territory. A book in the Latin American and Caribbean Arts and Culture initiative, supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

The Aztec World

The Aztec World
Author: Field Museum of Natural History
Publisher:
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2008-10
Genre: Art
ISBN:

The Aztec World is an illustrated survey of the Aztecs based on insightful research by a team of international experts from the United States and Mexico. In addition to traditional subjects like cosmology, religion, human sacrifice, and political history, this book covers such contemporary concerns as the environment and agriculture, health and disease, women and social status, and urbanism. It also discusses the effects of European conquests on Aztec culture and society, in addition to offering modern perspectives on their civilization. The text is accompanied by colorful illustrations and photos of artifacts from the best collections in Mexico, including those of the Templo Mayor Museum and the National Museum of Anthropology, both in Mexico City, as well as pieces from archaeological sites and virtual reconstructions of lost artwork. The book accompanies an exhibition at The Field Museum.

Joaquin Murrieta

Joaquin Murrieta
Author: Alfredo A. Figueroa
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020-02-15
Genre:
ISBN: 9780578632216

Alfredo Acosta Figueroa has written an entirely new history about Joaquin, one that draws on the memories and documents of his family and Joaquin's descendants. This history is deeply personal. We learn details never before published. The legacy and truth of Joaquin continues through the International Association of the Descendants of Joaquin Murrieta.

Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory

Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory
Author: Frances F. Berdan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 369
Release: 2014-04-21
Genre: History
ISBN: 0521881277

This book provides an up-to-date synthesis of Aztec culture, encompassing topics of history, economy, social life, political relations, and religious beliefs and ceremonies. It offers an integrated view of Aztec life, grappling with thorny issues such as human sacrifice and the controversial role of up-and-coming merchants. The book meshes data, methods, and theories from a variety of disciplines including archaeology, ethnohistory, ethnography, and art history.

The Road to Aztlan

The Road to Aztlan
Author: Virginia M. Fields
Publisher:
Total Pages: 522
Release: 2001
Genre: Art
ISBN:

Published in conjunction with the major exhibition, 'The Road to Aztlan: Art from a Mythic Homeland' explores the art derived from and created about the legendary area that encompasses the American Southwest and portions of Mexico long before they were separated by an international border. The book and accompanying exhibition view Aztlan as a metaphoric centre and allegorical place of origin for the various peoples of the Southwest and Mexico. Cultural interactions between the two areas span two millennia, beginning with maize cultivation, which spread north from Mexico around BC 1200. The book also investigates the relationship between myth and history as expressed in art and material culture of the region's inhabitants over time and the relationship and continuities of cultural practices over the course of the pre-Columbian, colonial, and contemporary eras. Crucial to these changing relationships are aspects of tradition and innovation within cultures as people sought to negotiate, maintain, and redefine their identities in the face of social disruption.