Sustainable Development in Energy Systems

Sustainable Development in Energy Systems
Author: Brian Azzopardi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2017-09-04
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3319548085

Presenting the latest research on the sustainable development of energy systems, this book provides a broad and holistic perspective on various aspects of renewable energy sources and grid integration. It highlights the integration of renewable and alternative systems into existing infrastructures, and explores the synchronization of environmental and development needs with other social challenges. The research presented is supported by original illustrations and tables, and provide the basis for future research on the topic. Offering an invaluable resource to those working in sustainable development, this book is also intended for students and researchers of engineering, economics and social sciences, as well as government entities and librarians.

Power Quality Enhancement in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation

Power Quality Enhancement in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation
Author: Piyadanai Pachanapan
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

This thesis investigates and proposes novel solutions to enhance voltage quality in medium networks with increased distributed generation (DG) penetration, focusing on voltage level variations and harmonic distortion. A new hierarchical distributed voltage control structure is proposed for DG to facilitate autonomous integrated Volt-VAr control in medium networks with DG. It is implemented especially in converter-connected DG, and in addition to enhancing voltage quality, the proposed controller also reduces the need to install new compensation devices. A decentralised active voltage control is developed for DG units to provide short and long-term voltage compensation by manipulating their reactive power output. Local controllable zones (LCZs) are introduced and used to determine the voltage control boundaries for each DG unit, and a methodology is introduced to allow LCZ adapt and follow network changes in real time. The performance and value of the proposed LCZ identification method and voltage control approaches are demonstrated based on load-flow and transient simulations, under various network operating scenarios conducted in DigSILENT PowerFactory. A droop control and a coordinated controller between DG units and other voltage controllable devices is presented to enhance voltage controllability whilst minimizing voltage interaction between devices, in case more than one DG unit, in the same LCZ, supports voltage control at the same time. The proposed coordinated controller applies to DG units, and also to DG units and other voltage compensators such as the modern on-load tap changer (OLTC) and the solid-state transformer (SST). In this context, DG provides primary support, and the other devices concentrate on providing secondary voltage support. Also, a DG structure combining energy storage systems (ESS) is proposed to enhance voltage quality by controlling not only the reactive power output from the DG unit, but also either active or reactive power output of ESS, thus allowing the voltage control to be more effective in a wider range of scenarios. The control and operation of DG in cooperation with a voltage regulator (VR) is also investigated. The voltage regulator is assumed as the secondary voltage support to provide slow voltage control to a wider area, including LCZs, located behind its secondary side. Furthermore, the substation's OLTC can give the slow voltage support similar to the voltage regulator but it provides the wide-area voltage control to cover the whole network including those buses which do not belong to any LCZs. The coordinated voltage controller approach iv presented is demonstrated under various network operating scenarios using case studies based on the IEEE 33-bus radial distribution network. Harmonic distortion across the network when the number of converter-connected DG is increased is also investigated in the thesis. It is found that the increase of this type of DG can raise the level of harmonic distortion to above the statutory limits. A generic approach is adopted to reduce the harmonic injection from converter-connected DG units and non-linear loads, using a phase-shifting technique. By changing the vector group between transformers that connect either converter-connected DG or non-linear loads is operated off-line for selfharmonic cancellation, without physically modifying the existing converter unit. The case study is based on the typical 17-bus medium voltage Dutch network. The performance of the proposed harmonic mitigation solution is examined under various scenarios based on harmonic load flow calculations performed on the distribution network modelled in the harmonic domain.

Autonomous Voltage Control Strategies in Distribution Grids with Photovoltaic Systems

Autonomous Voltage Control Strategies in Distribution Grids with Photovoltaic Systems
Author: Stetz, Thomas
Publisher: kassel university press GmbH
Total Pages: 205
Release: 2014-01-01
Genre: Electric power distribution
ISBN: 3862197123

This thesis analyzes the technical and economic potential of autonomous voltage control strategies for improving distribution grid operation with high shares of photovoltaic (PV) generation. Key issues include: The simultaneity of local photovoltaic generation and local consumption as well as its influence on reverse power flows.The theoretical potential of autonomous voltage control strategies to increase a grid’s hosting capacity for additional photovoltaic generation.Stability analyses of a voltage-dependent combined active and reactive power control strategy for photovoltaic inverters.The cost savings potential (CAPEX & OPEX) of autonomous voltage control strategies, compared to traditional grid reinforcement measures. The results suggest that autonomous voltage control strategies can be used to improve the technical and economic distribution grid integration of PV systems. If applied appropriately, these strategies are capable of deferring grid reinforcement measures and hence shifting investment costs to future points in time. Of all investigated autonomous voltage control strategies, the on-load tap changer voltage control and a combined Q(V)/P(V) PV inverter control strategy showed the most promising results, from a technical and an economic perspective.

Assessment of Novel Distributed Control Techniques to Address Network Constraints with Demand Side Management

Assessment of Novel Distributed Control Techniques to Address Network Constraints with Demand Side Management
Author: Tianyu Luo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

The development of sustainable generation, a reliable electricity supply and affordable tariffs are the primary requirements to address the uncertainties in different future energy scenarios. Due to the predicted increase in Distributed Generation (DG) and load profile changes in future scenarios, there are significant operational and planning challenges facing netwrok operators. These changes in the power system distribution network require a new Active Network Management (ANM) control system to manage distribution constraint issues such as thermal rating, voltage, and fault levels. The future smart grid focuses on harnessing the control potential from demand side via bidirectional power flow, transparent information communication, and contractual customer participation. Demand Side Management (DSM) is considered as one of the effective solutions to defer network capacity reinforcement, increase energy efficiency, facilitate renewable access, and implement low carbon energy strategy. From the Distribution Network Operator's (DNO) perspective, the control opportunity from Demand Response (DR) and Decentralized Energy Resource (DER) contributes on capacity investment reduction, energy efficiency, and enable low carbon technologies. This thesis develops a new decentralized control system for dealing effectively with the constraint issues in the Medium Voltage (MV) distribution network. In the decentralized control system, two novel control approaches are proposed to autonomously relieve the network thermal constraint via DNO's direct control of the real power in network components during the operation period. The first approach, Demand Response for Power Flow Management (DR-PFM), implements the DSM peak clipping control of Active Demand (AD), whilst the second approach, Hybrid Control for Power Flow Management (HC-PFM), implements the hybrid control of both AD and DER. The novelty of these two new control algorithms consists in the application of a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) based programming model on decision making of the real power curtailment to relieve the network thermal overload. In the Constraint Programming (CP) model, three constraints are identified: a preference constraint, and a network constraint. The control approaches effectively solve the above constraint problem in the CSP model within 5 seconds' time response. The control performance is influenced by the pre-determined variable, domain and constraint settings. These novel control approaches take advantages on flexible control, fast response and demand participation enabling in the future smart grid.

Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources in Power Systems

Integration of Renewable and Distributed Energy Resources in Power Systems
Author: Tomás Gómez San Román
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2020-12-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 303943487X

The electric power sector is poised for transformative changes. Improvements in the cost and performance of a range of distributed energy generation (DG) technologies and the potential for breakthroughs in distributed energy storage (DS) are creating new options for onsite power generation and storage, driving increasing adoption and impacting utility distribution system operations. In addition, changing uses and use patterns for electricity—from plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) to demand response (DR)—are altering demands placed on the electric power system. Finally, the infusion of new information and communications technology (ICT) into the electric system and its markets is enabling the collection of immense volumes of data on power sector operations and use; unprecedented control of generation, networks, and loads; and new opportunities for the delivery of energy services. In this Special Issue of Energies, research papers on topics related to the integration of distributed energy resources (DG, DS, EV, and DR) are included. From technologies to software tools to system-wide evaluations, the impacts of all aforementioned distributed resources on both operation and planning are examined.

Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2009

Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2009
Author: Wen Yu
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 1240
Release: 2009-05-21
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 3642015107

This book and its companion volumes, LNCS vols. 5551, 5552 and 5553, constitute the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2009), held during May 26–29, 2009 in Wuhan, China. Over the past few years, ISNN has matured into a well-established premier international symposium on neural n- works and related fields, with a successful sequence of ISNN symposia held in Dalian (2004), Chongqing (2005), Chengdu (2006), Nanjing (2007), and Beijing (2008). Following the tradition of the ISNN series, ISNN 2009 provided a high-level inter- tional forum for scientists, engineers, and educators to present state-of-the-art research in neural networks and related fields, and also to discuss with international colleagues on the major opportunities and challenges for future neural network research. Over the past decades, the neural network community has witnessed tremendous - forts and developments in all aspects of neural network research, including theoretical foundations, architectures and network organizations, modeling and simulation, - pirical study, as well as a wide range of applications across different domains. The recent developments of science and technology, including neuroscience, computer science, cognitive science, nano-technologies and engineering design, among others, have provided significant new understandings and technological solutions to move the neural network research toward the development of complex, large-scale, and n- worked brain-like intelligent systems. This long-term goal can only be achieved with the continuous efforts of the community to seriously investigate different issues of the neural networks and related fields.

Control and Optimization of Distributed Generation Systems

Control and Optimization of Distributed Generation Systems
Author: Magdi S. Mahmoud
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 599
Release: 2015-05-14
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319169106

This text is an introduction to the use of control in distributed power generation. It shows the reader how reliable control can be achieved so as to realize the potential of small networks of diverse energy sources, either singly or in coordination, for meeting concerns of energy cost, energy security and environmental protection. The book demonstrates how such microgrids, interconnecting groups of generating units and loads within a local area, can be an effective means of balancing electrical supply and demand. It takes advantage of the ability to connect and disconnect microgrids from the main body of the power grid to give flexibility in response to special events, planned or unplanned. In order to capture the main opportunities for expanding the power grid and to present the plethora of associated open problems in control theory Control and Optimization of Distributed Generation Systems is organized to treat three key themes, namely: system architecture and integration; modelling and analysis; and communications and control. Each chapter makes use of examples and simulations and appropriate problems to help the reader study. Tools helpful to the reader in accessing the mathematical analysis presented within the main body of the book are given in an appendix. Control and Optimization of Distributed Generation Systems will enable readers new to the field of distributed power generation and networked control, whether experienced academic migrating from another field or graduate student beginning a research career, to familiarize themselves with the important points of the control and regulation of microgrids. It will also be useful for practising power engineers wishing to keep abreast of changes in power grids necessitated by the diversification of generating methods.