Atmospheric Density Determination From Low Height Satellites
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| Author | : Arnold S. Bramson |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 53 |
| Release | : 1966 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric density |
| ISBN | : |
The report describes the third in a series of computer programs designed to determine atmospheric density from an analysis of satellite observations. The particular approach being reported upon consists of a numerical integration procedure combined with a differential correction scheme where discrepancies between computed and observed satellite position and velocity are reconciled by adjusting the assumed atmospheric model, thereby yielding corrected or refined density data. An important advantage of this technique is its applicability to satellites entering the decay stage where the effects of atmospheric drag are considerable and where a relatively short time span of observations may be available. Numerical results obtained from the program are presented along with an interpretation and an evaluation of these computer results. Finally, a complete user's manual is included as a separate appendix. (Author).
| Author | : James N. Bass |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 68 |
| Release | : 1975 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites |
| ISBN | : |
Atmospheric densities are computed from analysis of Doppler beacon satellite data. Modifications to Doppler beacon data processing program CELEST necessary for this study are described. Results obtained for satellites DB-7(6382), DB-8(6727), and DB-9(6928) are found to be in good agreement with those obtained by analysis of skin track data for the same satellites using program CADNIP. (Author).
| Author | : J. P. McIsaac |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 494 |
| Release | : 1976 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric density |
| ISBN | : |
Results obtained from an Air Force Satellite launched in the fourth quarter of 1974 are presented. Ionization gauge measurements of atmospheric density were performed, and the values obtained from these measurements are presented in two appendices in the form of density vs altitude and time plots. The method of data reduction its application is developed and discussed. The reduction technique differs from previously used techniques in that it is more suitable for the processing of large data files such as those obtained from satellite flights, as well as featuring a lessened dependence upon attitude determination. The experiment is also described and the theory of operation is given. (Author).
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 75 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The goal of this project was to use real-time data from the U.S. Naval Academy's Prototype Communications Satellite (PC-Sat) to calculate atmospheric density in the satellite's orbit over various time intervals. This involved using the latitude, longitude, altitude, and time data from a GPS receiver on board PC-Sat and transforming them into the orbiter's classical orbital elements (COEs). From these, the change in the size of the orbit can be determined via the change in the semi-major axis. Changes to the orbit are due primarily to the non-spherical Earth and the atmosphere. Therefore, by accounting for the change in semi-major axis due to the non-spherical Earth, the researcher can conclude that the remaining change is due solely to atmospheric density. The ability to determine atmospheric density in a specific orbit by knowing only the position of the satellite and few characteristics of the satellite itself will allow many small satellites with GPS receivers to contribute to the collection of data about the upper atmosphere. Being able to measure the Earth's atmospheric density with increased accuracy will then allow satellite orbit and fuel usage predictions to be much more accurate and has the potential to lower the cost of missions. (6 tables, 25 figures, 17 refs.)
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 34 |
| Release | : 1966 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric density |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : J. P. McIsaac |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 26 |
| Release | : 1963 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Stanford University Stanford Electronics Laboratories |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 110 |
| Release | : 1968 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric density |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Kenneth S. W. Champion |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 32 |
| Release | : 1969 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites |
| ISBN | : |
The objectives of satellites OV1-16 (Cannon Ball I) and OV1-15 (SPADES) were to measure atmospheric density and related properties in the lower thermosphere with particular emphasis on the altitude region 120 to 150 km. This region is where least data are available and where data are urgently required for Air Force Systems vehicles and for accurate calculations of the re- entry locations of satellites. To achieve an orbit at the lowest possible altitude the mass-to-area ratio of Cannon Ball I was maximized and a spherical shape chosen to optimize the accuracy of the drag density measurements. Both satellites were launched into a polar orbit on 11 July 1968. The initial perigee of Cannon Ball I was 148 km and the apogee 575 km. The initial perigee for SPADES was 158 km and the apogee 1850 km. A considerable amount of density data was obtained from orbital drag and from an onboard triaxial accelerometer on Cannon Ball I and from orbital drag, accelerometer, and ionization gauges on SPADES.
| Author | : J. P. McIsaac |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1976 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric density |
| ISBN | : |
Results obtained from an Air Force Satellite launched in the fourth quarter of 1974 are presented. Ionization gauge measurements of atmospheric density were performed, and the values obtained from these measurements are presented in two appendices in the form of density vs altitude and time plots. The method of data reduction its application is developed and discussed. The reduction technique differs from previously used techniques in that it is more suitable for the processing of large data files such as those obtained from satellite flights, as well as featuring a lessened dependence upon attitude determination. The experiment is also described and the theory of operation is given. (Author)
| Author | : Leonard L. DeVries |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 140 |
| Release | : 1966 |
| Genre | : Artificial satellites |
| ISBN | : |
A knowledge of atmospheric density and its variation at satellite altitudes is needed for operational support of several military activities. Atmospheric density data computed from the decay rates of more than 40 satellites orbited during a five-year period were analyzed during this investigation. Multiple regression equations were derived to specify the density at 10-km intervals at altitudes from 180 to 300 km as a function of solar activity, time of day, time of year, and combinations of these variables. Density values depicted by these regression equations were then compared with density data which had not been used during the derivation of the equations. The results of this investigation indicate that multiple regression analysis and the associated screening procedure can produce equations from which computed density values are in close agreement with observed density data. The results lead to a conclusion that no single density model can meet all needs. These results also indicate that characteristics of a density model should be selected to fit the purpose for which the model is intended. Four possible density models designed for different purposes are suggested. (Author).
