The Implications of Heterogeneity and Inequality for Asset Pricing

The Implications of Heterogeneity and Inequality for Asset Pricing
Author: Stavros Panageas
Publisher: Now Publishers
Total Pages: 92
Release: 2020-11-23
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781680837506

The Implications of Heterogeneity and Inequality for Asset Pricing provides a unified framework to better understand this large literature and to reconcile several of the seemingly inconsistent results found in some seminal papers.

The Rise of Digital Money

The Rise of Digital Money
Author: Mr.Tobias Adrian
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2019-07-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1498324908

This paper marks the launch of a new IMF series, Fintech Notes. Building on years of IMF staff work, it will explore pressing topics in the digital economy and be issued periodically. The series will carry work by IMF staff and will seek to provide insight into the intersection of technology and the global economy. The Rise of Digital Money analyses how technology companies are stepping up competition to large banks and credit card companies. Digital forms of money are increasingly in the wallets of consumers as well as in the minds of policymakers. Cash and bank deposits are battling with so-called e-money, electronically stored monetary value denominated in, and pegged to, a currency like the euro or the dollar. This paper identifies the benefits and risks and highlights regulatory issues that are likely to emerge with a broader adoption of stablecoins. The paper also highlights the risks associated with e-money: potential creation of new monopolies; threats to weaker currencies; concerns about consumer protection and financial stability; and the risk of fostering illegal activities, among others.

Buying Greenhouse Insurance

Buying Greenhouse Insurance
Author: Alan Sussmann Manne
Publisher: MIT Press
Total Pages: 212
Release: 1992
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9780262132800

, Buying Greenhouse Insurance outlines a way to think about greenhouse-effect decisions under uncertainty. It describes an insightful model for determining the economic costs of limiting carbon dioxide emissions produced by burning fossil fuels and provides a solid analytical base for rethinking public policy on the farreaching issue of global warming. In recent years a growing concern that the increasing accumulation of greenhouse gases will lead to undesirable changes in global climate has resulted in a number of proposals, both in the United States and internationally, to set physical targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. But what will these proposals cost? Based on the authors' earlier ground-breaking work, Buying Greenhouse Insurance outlines a way to think about greenhouse-effect decisions under uncertainty. It describes an insightful model for determining the economic costs of limiting carbon dioxide emissions produced by burning fossil fuels and provides a solid analytical base for rethinking public policy on the farreaching issue of global warming. Manne and Richels present region-by-region estimates of the costs that would underlie an international agreement. Using a computer model known as Global 2100, they analyze the economic impacts of limiting C02 emissions under alternative supply and conservation scenarios. The results clearly indicate that a reduction in emissions is not the sole policy response to potential climate change. Following a summary of the greenhouse effect, its likely causes, and possible consequences, Manne and Richels take up issues that concern the public at large. They provide an overview of Global 2100, look at how the U.S. energy sector is likely to evolve under businessas-usual conditions and under carbon constraints, and describe the concept of "greenhouse insurance." They consider possible global agreements, including an estimate of benefits that might result from trading in an international market in emission rights. They conclude with a technical description directed toward modeling specialists.

Methods of Mathematical Finance

Methods of Mathematical Finance
Author: Ioannis Karatzas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 427
Release: 1998-08-13
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0387948392

This monograph is a sequel to Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus by the same authors. Within the context of Brownian-motion- driven asset prices, it develops contingent claim pricing and optimal consumption/investment in both complete and incomplete markets. The latter topic is extended to a study of equilibrium, providing conditions for the existence and uniqueness of market prices which support trading by several heterogeneous agents. Although much of the incomplete-market material is available in research papers, these topics are treated for the first time in a unified manner. The book contains an extensive set of references and notes describing the field, including topics not treated in the text. This monograph should be of interest to researchers wishing to see advanced mathematics applied to finance. The material on optimal consumption and investment, leading to equilibrium, is addressed to the theoretical finance community. The chapters on contingent claim valuation present techniques of practical importance, especially for pricing exotic options. Also available by Ioannis Karatzas and Steven E. Shreve, Brownian Motion and Stochastic Calculus, Second Edition, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1991, 470 pp., ISBN 0-387- 97655-8.

Consensus Consumer and Intertemporal Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs

Consensus Consumer and Intertemporal Asset Pricing with Heterogeneous Beliefs
Author: Elyes Jouini
Publisher:
Total Pages: 42
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of heterogeneous beliefs in an otherwise standard competitive complete market economy. The construction of a consensus probability belief, as well as a consensus consumer, are shown to be valid modulo an aggregation bias, which takes the form of a discount factor. In classical cases, the consensus probability belief is a risk-tolerance weighted average of the individual beliefs, and the discount factor is proportional to the beliefs dispersion. This discount factor makes the heterogeneous beliefs setting fundamentally different from the homogeneous beliefs setting, and it is consistent with the interpretation of belief heterogeneity as a source of risk.We then use our construction to rewrite in a simple way the equilibrium characteristics (market price of risk, risk premium, risk-free rate) in a heterogeneous beliefs framework and to analyze the impact of belief heterogeneity. Finally, we show that it is possible to construct specific parametrizations of the heterogeneous beliefs model that lead to globally higher risk premia, lower risk-free rates, and risk premia that are lower for assets with higher belief dispersion.

Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk

Climate Policy Uncertainty and Investment Risk
Author: William Blyth
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Total Pages: 152
Release: 2007
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

This publication examines how uncertainty in climate change policy may affect investment behaviour in the power sector and how the costs of transition to a low-carbon economy may be addressed. For power companies, where capital stock is intensive and long-lived, those risks rank among the biggest and can create an incentive to delay investment. The analysis show that the risk premiums of climate change uncertainty can add 40 per cent of construction costs of the plant for power investors, and 10 per cent of price surcharges for the electricity end-users. It also looks at the sensitivity of different power sector investment decisions to different risks and considers the implications for policy development and design.