Assessment of the potential of methyl ester production from non-edible oils

Assessment of the potential of methyl ester production from non-edible oils
Author: Venu Gopal
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 242
Release: 2018-09-12
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 3668795754

Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2017 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: A, Andhra University (College of engineering), language: English, abstract: Biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum-fueled engines. Biodiesel, which is made from renewable sources, consists of the simple alkyl esters of fatty acids. As a future prospective fuel, biodiesel has to compete economically with petroleum diesel fuels. A two-step transesterification process (Sequential esterification and transesterification process) was used to prepare methyl ester (biodiesel) from high free fatty acid (FFA) content oils. For the yield of high FFA, two-step acid-base catalyzed method has been developed which consists of acid-catalyzed pretreatment/esterification step to reduce the FFA to less than 1% using H2SO4 as an acid catalyst and transesterification of pretreated oil to biodiesel using alkali catalyst. In the present study, the main focus is being placed to explore the non-edible oil resources like Used Cooking Oil (UCO), Cottonseed oil, Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, Neem(Azadirachta indica) oil as a potential source for biodiesel. Experimental results from enzyme (lipase) catalyzed method for selected oils using influencing parameters such as reaction time and catalyst weight, experimental results from acid-alkaline catalyzed methods using common influencing parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, reaction temperature and reaction time for above-mentioned oils were compared using batch mode. Methyl ester (biodiesel) yield range of 66.20-71.6% was attained for an enzyme-catalyzed method, whereas for acid-alkaline the yield range was 84.4-91.6%. This gives the indication of further refinement in the enzyme-catalyzed transesterification process. However, enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production has some limitations especially when implemented in industrial scale because of the high cost of enzyme, low reaction rate and enzyme deactivation. As the catalyst, an enzyme is restricted to rigorous reaction condition and the activity loss of lipase. The influencing parameters and absolute results of the analysis give the impression of the superiority of acid-alkaline transesterification method for methyl ester production. In this study, we have selected Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME) and Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) among the methyl esters of four oils.

Biodiesel

Biodiesel
Author: Ayhan Demirbas
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 214
Release: 2007-12-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1846289955

Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterization of biodiesel. The book also presents current experimental research work in the field, including techniques to reduce biodiesel’s high viscosity. Researchers in renewable energy, as well as fuel engineers, will discover a myriad of new ideas and promising possibilities.

The Biodiesel Handbook

The Biodiesel Handbook
Author: Gerhard Knothe
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 516
Release: 2015-08-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0983507260

The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. - Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format - Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices - Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats

Application of Liquid Biofuels to Internal Combustion Engines

Application of Liquid Biofuels to Internal Combustion Engines
Author: Soo-Young No
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 480
Release: 2020-02-17
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 981136737X

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of liquid biofuels to internal combustion (IC) engines. Biofuels are one of the most promising renewable and sustainable energy sources. Particularly, liquid biofuels obtained from biomass could become a valid alternative to the use of fossil fuels in the light of increasingly stringent environmental constraints. In this book, the discussion is limited to liquid biofuels obtained from triglycerides and lignocellulose among the many different kinds of biomass. Several liquid biofuels from triglycerides, straight vegetable oil, biodiesel produced from inedible vegetable oil, hydrotreated vegetable oil, and pyrolytic oil have been selected for discussion, as well as biofuels from lignocellulose bio-oil, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and butanol, and biomass-to-liquids diesel. This book includes three chapters on the application of methanol, ethanol and butanol to advanced compression ignition (CI) engines such as LTC, HCCI, RCCI and DF modes. Further, the application of other higher alcohols and other drop-in fuels such as DMF, MF, MTHF, and GVL are also discussed. The book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, researchers and engine designers who are interested in the application of alcohols and other biofuels in advanced CI engines, and also useful for alternative energy planners selecting biofuels for CI engines in the future.

Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy

Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy
Author: Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2018-07-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1789232864

The worldwide consumption of fossil fuel continues to increase at unsustainable levels, which will lead to progressive scarcity, if immediate and innovative measures are not taken for its sustainable use. This scarcity necessitates the development of renewable and sustainable alternatives for fossil fuels. A possible solution to today's energy challenges can be provided by biofuels. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current status and the future implications of biofuels. Diverse and aptly covered comprehensive information in this book will directly enhance both basic and applied research in biofuels and will particularly be useful for students, scientists, breeders, growers, ecologists, industrialists and policy makers. It will be a valuable reference point to improve biofuels in the areas of ecologically and economically sustainable bioenergy research.

Advances in Medium and High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology

Advances in Medium and High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology
Author: Marta Boaro
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 347
Release: 2016-11-24
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 331946146X

In this book well-known experts highlight cutting-edge research priorities and discuss the state of the art in the field of solid oxide fuel cells giving an update on specific subjects such as protonic conductors, interconnects, electrocatalytic and catalytic processes and modelling approaches.Fundamentals and advances in this field are illustrated to help young researchers address issues in the characterization of materials and in the analysis of processes, not often tackled in scholarly books.

Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems

Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems
Author: U. Mohan Rao
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 387
Release: 2021-12-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1119800188

A comprehensive reference and guide on the usage of the alternative dielectric fluids for transformer insulation systems Liquid-filled transformers are one of the most important and expensive components involved in the transmission and distribution of power to industrial and domestic loads. Although petroleum-based insulating oils have been used in transformers for decades, recent environmental concerns, health and safety considerations, and various technical factors have increased the need for new alternative and biodegradable liquids. Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems is an up-to-date reference and guide on natural and synthetic ester-based biodegradable insulating liquids. Covering the operational behavior, performance analysis, and maintenance of transformers filled with biodegradable insulating liquids, this comprehensive resource helps researchers and utility engineers expand their knowledge of the benefits, challenges, and application of ester-filled transformers. In-depth chapters written by experienced researchers addresses critical topics including transformer condition monitoring, high voltage insulation testing, biodegradable insulating material processing and evaluation, and more. A unique and significant contribution to existing literature on the subject, this authoritative volume: • Covers condition monitoring, diagnostic testing, applications, maintenance, and in-service experiences • Explores current challenges and future prospects of ester-filled transformers • Discusses significant research progress and identifies the topics in need of further emphasis • Compares the differences and similarities between mineral oils and ester liquids • Includes in-depth behavioral observations and performance analysis of ester-based insulating liquids Alternative Liquid Dielectrics for High Voltage Transformer Insulation Systems: Performance Analysis and Applications is a must-have reference for utility engineers, electrical power utilities, transformer owners, manufacturers, and researchers.

Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 4061
Release: 2024-08-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323939414

Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Four Volume Set comprehensively covers all renewable energy resources, including wind, solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal energy, and nuclear power, to name a few. In addition to covering the breadth of renewable energy resources at a fundamental level, this encyclopedia delves into the utilization and ideal applications of each resource and assesses them from environmental, economic, and policy standpoints. This book will serve as an ideal introduction to any renewable energy source for students, while also allowing them to learn about a topic in more depth and explore related topics, all in a single resource.Instructors, researchers, and industry professionals will also benefit from this comprehensive reference. - Covers all renewable energy technologies in one comprehensive resource - Details renewable energies' processes, from production to utilization in a single encyclopedia - Organizes topics into concise, consistently formatted chapters, perfect for readers who are new to the field - Assesses economic challenges faced to implement each type of renewable energy - Addresses the challenges of replacing fossil fuels with renewables and covers the environmental impacts of each renewable energy

Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development

Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development
Author: Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 381
Release: 2020-10-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1119580277

A comprehensive overview of current developments and applications in biofuels production Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development brings together the latest and most cutting-edge research on the production of biofuels. As the first book specifically devoted to process systems engineering for the production of biofuels, Process Systems Engineering for Biofuels Development covers theoretical, computational and experimental issues in biofuels process engineering. Written for researchers and postgraduate students working on biomass conversion and sustainable process design, as well as industrial practitioners and engineers involved in process design, modeling and optimization, this book is an indispensable guide to the newest developments in areas including: Enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production Process analysis of biodiesel production (including kinetic modeling, simulation and optimization) The use of ultrasonification in biodiesel production Thermochemical processes for biomass transformation to biofuels Production of alternative biofuels In addition to the comprehensive overview of the subject of biofuels found in the Introduction of the book, the authors of various chapters have provided extensive discussions of the production and separation of biofuels via novel applications and techniques.

Biofuels

Biofuels
Author: Krzysztof Biernat
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 584
Release: 2015-09-30
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9535121774

The edited volume presents the progress of first and second generation biofuel production technology in selected countries. Possibility of producing alternative fuels containing biocomponents and selected research methods of biofuels exploitation characteristics (also aviation fuels) was characterized. The book shows also some aspects of the environmental impact of the production and biofuels using, and describes perspectives of biofuel production technology development. It provides the review of biorefinery processes with a particular focus on pretreatment methods of selected primary and secondary raw materials. The discussion includes also a possibility of sustainable development of presented advanced biorefinery processes.