Assessment Of The Effects Of Communal Conflicts
Author | : Stephen Mawuli Amedeka |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 2016-10-22 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783659961588 |
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Author | : Stephen Mawuli Amedeka |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 116 |
Release | : 2016-10-22 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9783659961588 |
Author | : Daniel Torbjörnsson |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 38 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
A large proportion of armed conflicts do not involve a state, but are rather fought between communities. Communal conflicts are a widespread problem on the African continent, where they have devastating effects on human security through loss of life, loss of livelihood and large-scale displacement. Furthermore, violence between communities has the potential to fuel conflicts on a national level, and thereby contributing to the destabilization of entire countries, or even regions. At the same time, national conflicts have the potential to give rise to autonomous conflicts on the local level, so that violence persists even after the war is officially over. This tendency for communal violence and national conflict to coexist means that there is high probability that communal conflicts are prevalent in the contexts to which UN peacekeeping missions are sent. Since the end of the Cold War, United Nations peacekeeping operations have been sent to increasingly complex situations. An increased focus on civil war, mainly in Africa, has meant new challenges which demand new approaches to peacekeeping. Major reforms have been implemented, making UN peacekeeping operations broader and larger than ever before as missions now include political, humanitarian and police components as a complement to military personnel. Despite these reforms, UN peacekeeping missions have proved to be poorly equipped for handling conflicts on a local level. This report aims to explore trends in and the causes of communal conflicts, as well as to illustrate how UN peacekeeping operations have approached them. Lastly, the report presents a number of policy recommendations that may, if implemented, increase the effectiveness of peacekeeping missions in terms of communal conflict management. The recommendations include: increasing the mobility of armed personnel; further prioritizing intelligence gathering and analysis; further prioritizing local conflict resolution initiatives; and investigating the possibility of imposing sanctions on reluctant regimes and elites acting as spoilers.
Author | : W. S. Chandrasekara |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 62 |
Release | : 2005 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : |
Study with focus on the Muslim community in Mawanella, Sri Lanka.
Author | : Agnes K. Koos |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : Equality |
ISBN | : 9781498502887 |
The book explains inter-communal hostility and violence by analyzing extensive datasets that typify the condition of minorities worldwide. The analyses establish the deleterious causal impact of inter-group economic inequality on group relations against a background of institutional features that may promote or inhibit peaceful solutions.
Author | : Håvard Hegre |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 36 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Africa, Central |
ISBN | : 0604155514 |
Why do larger countries have more armed conflict? This paper surveys three sets of hypotheses forwarded in the conflict literature regarding the relationship between the size and location of population groups: Hypotheses based on pure population mass, on distances, on population concentrations, and some residual state-level characteristics. The hypotheses are tested on a new dataset-ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Events Dataset)-which disaggregates internal conflicts into individual events. The analysis covers 14 countries in Central Africa. The conflict event data are juxtaposed with geographically disaggregated data on populations, distance to capitals, borders, and road networks. The paper develops a statistical method to analyze this type of data. The analysis confirms several of the hypotheses.
Author | : Triadafilos Triadafilopoulos |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
The thesis assesses the impact of international factors on relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots during and after the Cold War. Through an analysis of the Cyprus problem it explores both why external actors intervene in communal conflicts and how they influence relations between ethnic groups in plural societies. The analytical framework employed throughout the study draws on contributions of International Relations theorists and students of ethnic conflict. The thesis argues that, as in the global political system, relations between ethnic groups in unranked communal systems are anarchic; that is, actors within the system do not recognize a sovereign political authority. In bipolar communal systems dominated by two relatively equal groups, the struggle for security and power often leads to appeals for assistance from external actors. The framework notes that neighboring states and Great Powers may heed calls for assistance, or intervene without a prior request, if it is in their interest to do so. The convergence of regional and global interests in communal affairs exacerbates ethnic conflicts and precludes the development of effective political institutions. The impact of external intervention in ethnic conflicts has the potential to alter the basis of communal relations. The Cyprus problem is examined both during and after the Cold War in order to gauge how global and regional actors and the structure of their respective systems have affected relations between ethnic groups in Cyprus. The thesis argues that Cyprus's descent into civil war in 1963 was due in part to the entrenchment of external interests in the Republic's constitution. The study also notes that power politics involving the United States, Soviet Union, Greece and Turkey continued to affect the development of communal relations throughout the 1960s, 70s, and, 80s. External intervention culminated in July and August 1974, after a Greek sponsored coup was answered by Turkey's invasion and partition of Cyprus. The forced expulsion of Greek Cypriots from the island's northern territories led to the establishment of ethnically homogeneous zones, thus altering the context of communal relations dramatically. The study also examines the role of the United Nations in Cyprus, noting that its failure to settle the dispute was due in large part to a lack of cooperation from Turkey, and the United States' and Soviet Union's acceptance of the status quo following the 1974 invasion and partition of the island. The thesis argues that the deterioration of Greek-Turkish relations in the post-Cold War era has made a solution to the dispute unlikely for the time being. Barring any dramatic changes in relations between communal and regional antagonists, relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots will continue to develop along the lines established in July/August 1974. The thesis concludes by affirming the validity of its core hypotheses through a brief survey of recent works touching on international politics and ethnic conflict. Questions requiring further research are noted as are elements of the study that require further refinement.
Author | : Ted Robert Gurr |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 462 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : |
East, by Barbara Harff
Author | : Ho-Won Jeong |
Publisher | : SAGE |
Total Pages | : 282 |
Release | : 2008-04-08 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 1849206406 |
′...effectively fills a long-standing void and will no doubt be hailed as a much-needed new addition to the literature... This text very much exemplifies the strength of Ho-Won Jeong as a theorist and one of the more prolific writers in the larger peace and conflict studies field... the final three chapters on ′De-escalation Dynamics′ (which includes a brief section on third party intervention), on ′Conciliation Strategies,′ and especially the one on ′Ending Conflict,′ which provides a range of outcomes beyond the usual focus on third party intervention (read mediation) epitomizes the value of this new text′ - Journal of Peace Research ′...an awesome tour d′horizon of modern war, violence, and confrontation within and between nations. Illustrating via just about every conflict in every corner of the world, the author invokes an endless array of insights and interpretations, ranging from the micro to the macro, beautifully written in a seamless sequence of closely linked and discursive essays.′ - Professor J. David Singer, University of Michigan ′Ho-Won Jeong has written an illuminatinbg analysis of the dynamics of conflict. He lays out the tools we have to analyze conflict in a literate and comprehensive way. A valuable book for anyone interested in a more comprehensive understanding of conflict, its sources, and its deescalation and termination′ - Janice Gross Stein, Belzberg Professor of Conflict Management, Director, Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto ′Jeong has successfully combined behavioral and structural analysis of the dynamics of social conflict. This volume covers the multiple dimensions - escalation, entrapment, de-escalation, termination, and resolution - both of violent and non-violent confrontation between adversaries, as well as the utility and limitations of external intervention. For students of the social sciences, it should serve as an excellent introduction to the complex realities of social conflict.′ - Milton Esman, John S. Knight Professor of International Studies, Emeritus, Cornell University By examining the dynamic forces which shape and re-shape major conflicts, this timely book provides students with the knowledge base needed to successfully study conflict sources, processes and transformations. Broad in focus, it addresses the multiple social, political and psychological features central to understanding conflict situations and behaviour. A range of both recent and historical examples (including the Arab-Israeli conflict, the ′War on Terrorism′, the Cold War, and the civil wars in Sudan, former Yugoslavia and Sri Lanka) are discussed, illustrating the application of concepts and theories essential to the analysis of inter-group, inter-state and intra-state conflict and conflict resolution in a wider context. Understanding Conflict and Conflict Analysis is key reading for students of international relations, peace and conflict studies, conflict resolution, international security and international law.
Author | : Mr.Bjoern Rother |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 43 |
Release | : 2016-09-16 |
Genre | : Social Science |
ISBN | : 1475535783 |
In recent decades, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) has experienced more frequent and severe conflicts than in any other region of the world, exacting a devastating human toll. The region now faces unprecedented challenges, including the emergence of violent non-state actors, significant destruction, and a refugee crisis bigger than any since World War II. This paper raises awareness of the economic costs of conflicts on the countries directly involved and on their neighbors. It argues that appropriate macroeconomic policies can help mitigate the impact of conflicts in the short term, and that fostering higher and more inclusive growth can help address some of the root causes of conflicts over the long term. The paper also highlights the crucial role of external partners, including the IMF, in helping MENA countries tackle these challenges.
Author | : Timothy T. Gyuse |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 296 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Benue River Valley (Cameroon and Nigeria) |
ISBN | : |