Assessing The Economic Costs Of Unhealthy Diets And Low Physical Activity
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| Author | : Centers of Disease Control |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2017-09-14 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 9789289050425 |
Unhealthy diets and low physical activity contribute to many chronic diseases and disability; they are responsible for some 2 in 5 deaths worldwide and for about 30% of the global disease burden. Yet surprisingly little is known about the economic costs that these risk factors cause, both for health care and society more widely. This study pulls together the evidence about the economic burden that can be linked to unhealthy diets and low physical activity and explores - How definitions vary and why this matters - The complexity of estimating the economic burden and - How we can arrive at a better way to estimate the costs of an unhealthy diet and low physical activity, using diabetes as an example The review finds that unhealthy diets and low physical activity predict higher health care expenditure, but estimates vary greatly. Existing studies underestimate the true economic burden because most only look at the costs to the health system. Indirect costs caused by lost productivity may be about twice as high as direct health care costs, together accounting for about 0.5% of national income. The study also tests the feasibility of using a disease-based approach to estimate the costs of unhealthy diets and low physical activity in Europe, projecting the total economic burden associated with these two risk factors as manifested in new type 2 diabetes cases at 883 million euros in 2020 for France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom alone. The "true" costs will be higher, as unhealthy diets and low physical activity are linked to many more diseases. The study's findings are a step towards a better understanding of the economic burden that can be associated with two key risk factors for ill health and they will help policymakers in setting priorities and to more effectively promoting healthy diets and physical activity.
| Author | : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| Publisher | : Food & Agriculture Org. |
| Total Pages | : 42 |
| Release | : 2019-10-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9251318751 |
Considering the detrimental environmental impact of current food systems, and the concerns raised about their sustainability, there is an urgent need to promote diets that are healthy and have low environmental impacts. These diets also need to be socio-culturally acceptable and economically accessible for all. Acknowledging the existence of diverging views on the concepts of sustainable diets and healthy diets, countries have requested guidance from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) on what constitutes sustainable healthy diets. These guiding principles take a holistic approach to diets; they consider international nutrition recommendations; the environmental cost of food production and consumption; and the adaptability to local social, cultural and economic contexts. This publication aims to support the efforts of countries as they work to transform food systems to deliver on sustainable healthy diets, contributing to the achievement of the SDGs at country level, especially Goals 1 (No Poverty), 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), 4 (Quality Education), 5 (Gender Equality) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) and 13 (Climate Action).
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : UNESCO Publishing |
| Total Pages | : 90 |
| Release | : |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9231006983 |
| Author | : Sergey Kovalev |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 716 |
| Release | : 2021-09-15 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 3030871789 |
This book presents key advances in intelligent information technologies for industry. This book of Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems contains the papers presented in the main track of IITI 2021, the Fifth International Scientific Conference on Intelligent Information Technologies for Industry held on September 30 – October 4, 2021 in Sirius, Russia. The conference was jointly co-organized by Rostov State Transport University (Russia) and VŠB–Technical University of Ostrava (Czech Republic) with the participation of Russian Association for Artificial Intelligence (RAAI) and Sirius University (Russia). IITI 2021 was devoted to practical models and industrial applications related to intelligent information systems. It was considered as a meeting point for researchers and practitioners to enable the implementation of advanced information technologies into various industries. Nevertheless, some theoretical talks concerning the state of the art in intelligent systems and soft computing were also included into proceedings. There were 180 paper submissions from 14 countries. Each submission was reviewed by at least three chairs or PC members. We accepted 69 regular papers (38\%). Unfortunately, due to limitations of conference topics and edited volumes, the Program Committee was forced to reject some interesting papers, which did not satisfy these topics or publisher requirements. We would like to thank all authors and reviewers for their work and valuable contributions. The friendly and welcoming attitude of conference supporters and contributors made this event a success!
| Author | : Kristian Bolin |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 389 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 0762314060 |
Focuses on the economics of obesity. This work assesses the impact of food quality, access to fast food, food prices, legislation, and other factors on diet, physical activity, and body weight. It calculates the impact of obesity on hospital costs and examines the externalities imposed by obesity through health insurance.
| Author | : World Health Organization |
| Publisher | : World Health Organization |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2019-01-21 |
| Genre | : Health & Fitness |
| ISBN | : 9241514183 |
Regular physical activity is proven to help prevent and treat noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease stroke diabetes and breast and colon cancer. It also helps to prevent hypertension overweight and obesity and can improve mental health quality of life and well-being. In addition to the multiple health benefits of physical activity societies that are more active can generate additional returns on investment including a reduced use of fossil fuels cleaner air and less congested safer roads. These outcomes are interconnected with achieving the shared goals political priorities and ambition of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030. The new WHO global action plan to promote physical activity responds to the requests by countries for updated guidance and a framework of effective and feasible policy actions to increase physical activity at all levels. It also responds to requests for global leadership and stronger regional and national coordination and the need for a whole-of-society response to achieve a paradigm shift in both supporting and valuing all people being regularly active according to ability and across the life course. The action plan was developed through a worldwide consultation process involving governments and key stakeholders across multiple sectors including health sports transport urban design civil society academia and the private sector.
| Author | : Laurette Dube |
| Publisher | : Academic Press |
| Total Pages | : 832 |
| Release | : 2010-06-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 0080922090 |
Over the years, approaches to obesity prevention and treatment have gone from focusing on genetic and other biological factors to exploring a diversity of diets and individual behavior modification interventions anchored primarily in the power of the mind, to the recent shift focusing on societal interventions to design "temptation-proof" physical, social, and economic environments. In spite of repeated calls to action, including those of the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic continues to progress. WHO recently projected that if the current lifestyle trend in young and adult populations around the world persist, by 2012 in countries like the USA, health care costs may amount to as much as 17.7% of the GDP. Most importantly, in large part due to the problems of obesity, those children may be the first generation ever to have a shorter life expectancy than that of their parents. Obesity Prevention presents the most current research and proposals for addressing the pandemic. Past studies have focused primarly on either genetic or behavioral causes for obesity, however today's research indicates that a strongly integrated program is the best prospect for success in overcoming obesity. Furthermore, focus on the role of society in establishing an affordable, accessible and sustainable program for implementing these lifestyle changes is vital, particularly for those in economically challenged situations, who are ultimately at the highest risk for obesity. Using studies from both neuroscience and behavioral science to present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and possible solutions, The brain-to-society approach to obesity prevention focuses on what is needed in order to sustain a healthy, pleasurable and affordable lifestyle. - Explores the "brain-to-society" approach to obesity prevention, focusing on an integrative approach to addressing the obesity pandemic - Presents both the nueroscientific and the behavioral factors that impact eating habits - Identifies the challenges and suggests solutions for altering attitudes toward food on both an individual and a societal level
| Author | : National Research Council |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 421 |
| Release | : 2013-04-12 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0309264146 |
The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
| Author | : Dorairaj Prabhakaran |
| Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
| Total Pages | : 948 |
| Release | : 2017-11-17 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1464805202 |
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
| Author | : Institute of Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 536 |
| Release | : 2003-02-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 0309133181 |
The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
